Janūbī al Baḩrī al Aḩmar / ኤርትራ
Janūbī al Baḩrī al Aḩmar
Explore Eritrea’s Coastal Gem: Janūbī al Baḩrī al Aḩmar
Janūbī al Baḩrī al Aḩmar, also known as the Southern Red Sea Region, stretches along Eritrea’s southeastern coastline. This remote and sparsely populated region is famed for its dramatic landscapes, ranging from the arid Danakil Depression and volcanic fields to pristine Red Sea beaches and islands. The region’s capital, Assab, serves as a bustling port city and gateway to the mesmerizing Dahlak Archipelago, renowned for its marine biodiversity and coral reefs. Home to Afar communities and other ethnic groups, Janūbī al Baḩrī al Aḩmar offers a blend of traditional nomadic lifestyles and unique cultural encounters. It is a destination for adventurous travelers seeking unspoiled nature, historic trade routes, and the vibrant colors of the Red Sea. The area remains relatively untouched by mass tourism, making it ideal for those looking to experience Eritrea’s wild frontier.
Safety
The region is generally safe for travelers, though its remoteness means medical and emergency services are limited. Visitors should check current travel advisories and exercise caution due to the harsh desert environment and proximity to border areas.
Visas
A valid Eritrean visa is required to enter the region, and travel permits may be necessary for certain areas, especially near the border or remote sites.
Customs regulations
Dress modestly, particularly in rural or Muslim-majority communities. Always ask for permission before photographing people, and be respectful of local customs and religious practices.
Prices
Travel in the region is relatively inexpensive, especially for food and local transportation, but costs can increase for guided excursions or boat trips to the islands. Accommodation options are basic, especially outside Assab.
People and nationalities
The region is predominantly inhabited by the Afar people, known for their nomadic traditions and distinctive language. Islam is the primary religion, and social life often centers around clan and family ties.
Weather
Janūbī al Baḩrī al Aḩmar has an extremely hot and dry desert climate, with temperatures soaring well above 40°C (104°F) in summer. The best time to visit is between November and February when temperatures are more bearable and humidity is lower. Rainfall is scarce throughout the year.
Health
Medical facilities are limited, with the main hospital located in Assab. Bring essential medications and a basic first aid kit; pharmacies are few and far between.
Food
Afar Skewers
Grilled skewers of goat or camel meat seasoned with local spices, typically cooked over open coals and served with flatbread.
Kitcha
A simple unleavened flatbread made from wheat flour, often eaten with honey or spiced dips for breakfast or as a snack.
Fish Sayadeya
A Red Sea specialty featuring fresh fish baked with fragrant rice, tomatoes, onions, and spices, commonly served in coastal areas like Assab.
Shorba
A hearty soup made with lamb or goat, vegetables, and pulses, flavored with cumin and coriander, popular among the Afar people.
Dates and Coffee
A traditional pairing of sweet dates and locally brewed coffee, often served during social gatherings and ceremonies.
Transport
Domestic Flights
Flights between Asmara and Assab operate occasionally, providing the fastest access to the region, though schedules are limited.
Intercity Buses
Long-distance buses connect Assab with other major Eritrean cities, though journeys are long and routes may be affected by weather or road conditions.
4x4 Vehicle Hire
Hiring a 4x4 vehicle with a driver is the most practical way to explore remote areas, including the Danakil Depression and outlying villages.
Local Boats
Traditional boats and charters are available for trips to the Dahlak Archipelago or coastal fishing excursions.
What to visit?
History
Ancient trade routes pass through the region, connecting the Red Sea ports with the interior of Africa and Arabia.
Assab is purchased by an Italian shipping company, marking the beginning of Italian colonial presence in the region.
Assab is officially declared the first Italian colonial possession on the African continent.
The region comes under British military administration after the defeat of Italian forces in World War II.
Eritrea, including Janūbī al Baḩrī al Aḩmar, is federated with Ethiopia under a UN mandate.
Eritrean independence forces capture Assab, paving the way for Eritrea's independence.
Eritrea declares independence, with Janūbī al Baḩrī al Aḩmar as one of its six administrative regions.
The Eritrean–Ethiopian War disrupts trade and travel, affecting the Assab port economy.
Activities
Dahlak Archipelago Excursions
Charter a boat from Assab to explore the unspoiled islands, renowned for their coral reefs, diving, and marine life.
Danakil Depression Trek
Venture into the harsh and otherworldly landscapes of the Danakil Depression, with salt flats, volcanoes, and unique geological features.
Assab Port and Market
Stroll through Assab’s lively market, meet local traders, and observe the bustling activities of Eritrea’s historic port.
Afar Cultural Encounters
Visit Afar settlements to learn about nomadic traditions, hospitality, and traditional crafts unique to the region.