Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu / 中华人民共和国
Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu
Explore the Silk Road Wonders of Xinjiang
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, sprawling across China’s far northwest, is a land of spectacular contrasts—towering snow-capped mountains, endless deserts, fertile valleys, and a vibrant tapestry of cultures. Bordered by eight countries, Xinjiang has long been a crossroads for trade and migration, most famously as a key route along the ancient Silk Road. The region’s capital, Ürümqi, is a modern metropolis set against the backdrop of the Tianshan Mountains, while historic Kashgar enchants with its ancient bazaars and Islamic architecture. Xinjiang is home to a mosaic of ethnic groups, most notably the Uygur people, whose Turkic roots are reflected in local language, music, dress, and cuisine. This unique blend of Central Asian and Chinese influences is evident in everything from bustling night markets to the haunting melodies of traditional muqam music. With its dramatic landscapes, such as the Flaming Mountains, Heavenly Lake, and Taklamakan Desert, Xinjiang promises adventure, discovery, and an immersion into one of Asia’s most fascinating cultural frontiers.
Safety
Xinjiang is generally safe for tourists, but travelers should be aware of occasional security checks and a strong police presence. It is advisable to carry identification at all times and be mindful of local regulations, especially regarding photography in sensitive areas.
Visas
Xinjiang follows China’s general visa policy: most visitors need a Chinese visa obtained in advance. No special permits are required for most areas, but some border zones may have restrictions.
Customs regulations
It is customary to greet locals with a smile and handshake. When invited to a Uygur home, remove your shoes and accept tea or fruit as a sign of respect. Avoid discussing sensitive political topics and be discreet about photographing religious sites.
Prices
Xinjiang is generally less expensive than China's eastern cities, with affordable local food and accommodation, especially outside luxury hotels. Transportation costs can add up due to the region's vast distances, but buses and trains remain budget-friendly options.
People and nationalities
Xinjiang is ethnically diverse, with Uygurs, Han Chinese, Kazakhs, and several other minority groups. The region is known for its hospitality, traditional music, and vibrant festivals. Respect for religious customs, especially during Ramadan, is appreciated.
Weather
Xinjiang’s climate is highly varied: summers can be intensely hot, especially in desert areas, while winters are cold and dry. The best time to visit is from May to October, when temperatures are milder and the landscapes are most accessible. Spring and autumn offer comfortable weather for both sightseeing and trekking.
Health
Major cities like Ürümqi and Kashgar have modern hospitals and pharmacies, but medical facilities are basic in remote areas. Carry any necessary medications and travel insurance that covers medical evacuation.
Food
Kawap (Kebabs)
Lamb skewers seasoned with spices and grilled over open flames, often served with flatbread and onions. This Uygur street food staple is crispy on the outside and juicy inside.
Polo (Pilaf)
A fragrant rice dish cooked with chunks of lamb, carrots, onions, and sometimes raisins, reflecting Central Asian culinary influences. It’s often served during festivals or family gatherings.
Lagman
Hand-pulled noodles stir-fried or served in a savory broth with lamb, peppers, tomatoes, and assorted vegetables. This hearty dish is a favorite in Uygur restaurants.
Dapanji (Big Plate Chicken)
A spicy chicken stew featuring potatoes, peppers, and onions, typically served on a large platter with wide noodles. This dish is especially popular in Xinjiang’s Han communities.
Samsa
Baked pastry pockets stuffed with minced lamb and onions, seasoned with cumin and black pepper. These savory snacks are sold fresh from tandoor ovens in markets and roadside stalls.
Nang
A round, chewy flatbread baked in a clay oven, often topped with sesame or onion. Nang is a staple at every meal and pairs well with kebabs and tea.
Transport
High-Speed Rail
Modern high-speed trains connect Ürümqi to major Chinese cities and regional hubs like Turpan, offering comfort and efficiency over vast distances.
Long-Distance Buses
An extensive network of buses links cities and towns throughout Xinjiang, providing budget-friendly options for reaching remote destinations.
Domestic Flights
Air travel is the quickest way to cover Xinjiang’s enormous distances, with frequent flights between Ürümqi, Kashgar, Hotan, and other key cities.
Car Rental
Renting a car or hiring a driver offers flexibility for exploring scenic routes and less accessible areas, but requires navigating occasional security checkpoints.
City Buses and Taxis
Urban areas like Ürümqi and Kashgar have reliable bus services and plentiful taxis for convenient local transport.
Regions
Anhui Sheng
Province
Beijing Shi
Municipality
Chongqing Shi
Municipality
Fujian Sheng
Province
Gansu Sheng
Province
Guangdong Sheng
Province
Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu
Autonomous Region
Guizhou Sheng
Province
Hainan Sheng
Province
Hebei Sheng
Province
Heilongjiang Sheng
Province
Henan Sheng
Province
Hong Kong
Special Administrative Region
Hubei Sheng
Province
Hunan Sheng
Province
Jiangsu Sheng
Province
Jiangxi Sheng
Province
Jilin Sheng
Province
Liaoning Sheng
Province
Macao
Special Administrative Region
Nei Mongol Zizhiqu
Autonomous Region
Ningxia Zizhiiqu
Autonomous Region
Qinghai Sheng
Province
Shaanxi Sheng
Province
Shandong Sheng
Province
Shanghai Shi
Municipality
Shanxi Sheng
Province
Sichuan Sheng
Province
Taiwan
Tianjin Shi
Municipality
Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu
Autonomous Region
Xizang Zizhiqu
Autonomous Region
Yunnan Sheng
Province
Zhejiang Sheng
Province
What to visit?
History
The Han Dynasty establishes the Western Regions Protectorate, integrating parts of Xinjiang into the Chinese imperial system and facilitating Silk Road trade.
The Battle of Talas marks the end of Tang Dynasty influence in Xinjiang and the rise of Arab and Turkic powers in Central Asia.
The Qing Dynasty conquers the Dzungar Khanate, bringing Xinjiang under firm Chinese control and naming it "New Frontier" (Xinjiang).
The Dungan Revolt and Yakub Beg’s rule in Kashgar disrupt Qing authority until the region is reconquered in 1877.
Xinjiang is officially designated as a province of China, ending its status as a military governorship.
The People’s Liberation Army enters Xinjiang, leading to its incorporation into the People’s Republic of China.
Xinjiang is granted status as an autonomous region, recognizing the rights of the Uygur and other ethnic minorities.
Ürümqi experiences major ethnic unrest, drawing international attention to the region’s complex social and political dynamics.
Activities
Explore Kashgar Old Town
Wander the winding alleys of Kashgar’s historic district, visit the Id Kah Mosque, and shop at the vibrant Sunday Bazaar.
Trek around Heavenly Lake (Tianchi)
Hike in the Tianshan Mountains and enjoy stunning alpine scenery at the crystal-clear Heavenly Lake, just outside Ürümqi.
Visit the Taklamakan Desert
Embark on a camel ride or 4x4 adventure in one of the world’s largest sand deserts, experiencing dramatic dunes and oasis towns.
Attend the Uygur Meshrep Festival
Join in traditional Uygur music, dance, and communal feasting at a local Meshrep gathering, a UNESCO-listed cultural event.
Sample Night Market Cuisine in Ürümqi
Taste an array of local delicacies, from grilled meats to sweet pastries, at the bustling Grand Bazaar and night food stalls.