Peru / PerĂş
Republic of Peru
Discover the Mystical Land of Peru
Peru, a country rich in history and culture, is a destination that promises an unforgettable journey. Nestled in the heart of South America, Peru is renowned for its diverse landscapes, from the arid plains of the Pacific coast to the peaks of the Andes and the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest. The country is a treasure trove of ancient civilizations, with the Inca Empire being the most famous. The iconic Machu Picchu, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a testament to the architectural prowess of the Incas and offers breathtaking views that captivate every visitor. Peruvian culture is a vibrant tapestry woven from indigenous traditions and Spanish influences. Festivals are a significant part of life in Peru, with Inti Raymi and the Lord of Miracles being among the most celebrated. The people of Peru are known for their warmth and hospitality, always ready to share their rich heritage with visitors. The capital city, Lima, is a bustling metropolis that blends colonial architecture with modern skyscrapers. It is also a culinary capital, offering a taste of Peru's diverse cuisine, which includes dishes like ceviche and lomo saltado. Beyond the cities, the natural beauty of Peru is unparalleled, with the Colca Canyon, Lake Titicaca, and the Amazon rainforest offering unique experiences for nature lovers. Peru's history is as diverse as its landscapes, with influences from the Incas, Spanish colonizers, and various indigenous groups. This rich history is reflected in the country's numerous museums and archaeological sites. Whether you're exploring the ancient ruins, enjoying the vibrant culture, or simply soaking in the stunning landscapes, Peru is a country that promises adventure and discovery at every turn.
Safety
Peru is generally a safe country for tourists, but like any destination, it is important to stay vigilant. Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and bag snatching, can occur in crowded areas, especially in major cities like Lima and Cusco. It is advisable to avoid displaying valuables and to be cautious in unfamiliar areas. Some regions, particularly in the Amazon, may have higher crime rates, so it's best to travel with a guide.
National symbols
The national flag of Peru consists of three vertical stripes in red, white, and red. The coat of arms features a vicuña, a cinchona tree, and a cornucopia, symbolizing the country's fauna, flora, and mineral wealth.
Capital city
Lima / Lima
Visas
Citizens from many countries, including the United States, Canada, and most European nations, can enter Peru visa-free for up to 90 days. However, travelers should ensure their passport is valid for at least six months beyond their date of entry. It's always best to check the latest visa requirements before traveling.
Customs regulations
Travelers can bring personal items duty-free into Peru, but there are restrictions on the import of certain goods, such as firearms and drugs. It's important to declare any items of value and to be aware of the regulations regarding the export of cultural artifacts and wildlife products.
Prices
Peru is generally an affordable destination, with reasonable prices for food, accommodation, and transportation. Street food and local markets offer delicious and inexpensive meals, while high-end restaurants in Lima can be more costly. Bargaining is common in markets, and it's a good way to get better prices on souvenirs.
People and nationalities
Peru is home to a diverse population, with a mix of indigenous peoples, mestizos, and descendants of European, African, and Asian immigrants. The predominant religion is Roman Catholicism, but indigenous beliefs and traditions are still widely practiced. Peruvians are known for their friendliness and pride in their cultural heritage.
Weather
Peru's climate varies greatly by region. The coastal areas are generally mild and dry, while the Andes experience a cooler climate with a rainy season from November to March. The Amazon region is hot and humid year-round. The best time to visit Peru is during the dry season, from May to September, when the weather is ideal for trekking and outdoor activities.
Health
Travelers to Peru should consider vaccinations for hepatitis A, typhoid, and yellow fever, especially if visiting the Amazon region. Altitude sickness can be a concern in high-altitude areas like Cusco and Machu Picchu, so it's important to acclimatize properly. Drinking bottled or boiled water is recommended to avoid waterborne illnesses.
Food
Ceviche
A popular dish made from fresh raw fish cured in citrus juices, such as lemon or lime, and spiced with chili peppers. It's often served with side dishes like sweet potato, lettuce, corn, or avocado.
Lomo Saltado
A stir-fry dish that combines marinated strips of sirloin with onions, tomatoes, and other ingredients, served with fried potatoes and rice. It reflects the fusion of Peruvian and Chinese cuisine.
Aji de Gallina
A creamy, spicy chicken stew made with aji amarillo peppers, walnuts, and cheese, served with rice and boiled potatoes.
Anticuchos
Grilled skewers of marinated beef heart, seasoned with spices and served with boiled potatoes or corn. A popular street food in Peru.
Transport
Buses
Buses are the most common and affordable way to travel between cities in Peru. Long-distance buses are comfortable and often include amenities like reclining seats and meals.
Trains
Trains are a scenic way to travel to destinations like Machu Picchu. The PeruRail and Inca Rail offer various classes of service, providing a unique travel experience through the Andes.
Domestic Flights
For long distances, domestic flights are a quick and efficient way to travel. Airlines like LATAM and Avianca offer flights between major cities and tourist destinations.
Taxis and Rideshares
Taxis are widely available in cities, but it's advisable to use registered taxis or rideshare apps like Uber for safety and convenience.
Regions
Amazonas
Region
Ancash
Region
ApurĂmac
Region
Arequipa
Region
Ayacucho
Region
Cajamarca
Region
Cusco
Region
El Callao
Region
Huancavelica
Region
Huánuco
Region
Ica
Region
JunĂn
Region
La Libertad
Region
Lambayeque
Region
Lima
Region
Loreto
Region
Madre de Dios
Region
Moquegua
Region
Municipalidad Metropolitana de Lima
Municipality
Pasco
Region
Piura
Region
Puno
Region
San MartĂn
Region
Tacna
Region
Tumbes
Region
Ucayali
Region
What to visit?
History
The earliest evidence of human presence in Peru dates back to around 9,000 BC, with hunter-gatherer societies inhabiting the region.
The Norte Chico civilization, one of the oldest known civilizations in the Americas, emerged in the coastal region of Peru around 3000 BC.
The ChavĂn culture, known for its religious and artistic influence, thrived in the Andean highlands from around 900 BC to 200 BC.
The Moche civilization, known for its advanced ceramics and irrigation systems, flourished on the northern coast of Peru from around 100 AD to 800 AD.
The Nazca culture, famous for the Nazca Lines, a series of large geoglyphs, developed in the southern coast of Peru from 100 BC to 800 AD.
The Inca Empire, the largest empire in pre-Columbian America, began its expansion under the leadership of Pachacuti, who transformed the Kingdom of Cusco into the Inca Empire.
Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro captured the Inca Emperor Atahualpa in the Battle of Cajamarca, marking the beginning of Spanish conquest in Peru.
Peru declared its independence from Spain, led by Argentine general JosĂ© de San MartĂn, in Lima.
The Battle of Ayacucho was fought, resulting in a decisive victory for the independence forces and effectively ending Spanish rule in South America.
The War of the Pacific began, involving Chile, Bolivia, and Peru. The war ended in 1884 with Chilean victory and territorial losses for Peru.
A military coup led by General Juan Velasco Alvarado overthrew the government of Fernando BelaĂşnde Terry, initiating a period of military rule.
President Alberto Fujimori dissolved Congress and suspended the constitution in a self-coup, consolidating power and initiating controversial reforms.
Alejandro Toledo became the first democratically elected president of indigenous descent in Peru, marking a significant moment in the country's political history.
Pedro Castillo, a former school teacher and union leader, was inaugurated as President of Peru, representing a shift towards leftist policies.
Activities
Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu is an ancient Incan city set high in the Andes Mountains in Peru, above the Urubamba River valley. Built in the 15th century and later abandoned, it’s renowned for its sophisticated dry-stone construction that fuses huge blocks without the use of mortar. The exact former use remains a mystery. Visitors can explore the ruins, hike the Inca Trail, and enjoy breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains. The best time to visit is during the dry season, from May to September.
The Sacred Valley
The Sacred Valley of the Incas, or Urubamba Valley, is a region in Peru's Andean highlands. Along with the nearby town of Cusco and the ancient city of Machu Picchu, it formed the heart of the Inca Empire. The valley is known for its stunning landscapes, traditional Andean villages, and archaeological sites like Pisac and Ollantaytambo. Visitors can enjoy activities such as hiking, visiting local markets, and exploring Incan ruins. The valley is accessible year-round, but the dry season from May to September is ideal for outdoor activities.
Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca, straddling the border between Peru and Bolivia in the Andes Mountains, is one of South America's largest lakes and the world's highest navigable body of water. It is home to numerous islands, including the man-made Uros Islands, constructed from reeds. Visitors can take boat tours to explore the islands, learn about the local cultures, and enjoy the serene beauty of the lake. The best time to visit is during the dry season, from May to October, when the weather is more predictable.
Colca Canyon
Colca Canyon is a canyon of the Colca River in southern Peru, famed as one of the world's deepest canyons, reaching depths of over 3,270 meters. It is a popular destination for trekking and offers stunning views of the Andean landscape. Visitors can also see the majestic Andean condors soaring above the canyon. The best time to visit is from May to September, during the dry season, when the weather is ideal for hiking.
Nazca Lines
The Nazca Lines are a series of large ancient geoglyphs in the Nazca Desert, in southern Peru. The largest figures are up to 1,200 feet long and are best viewed from the air. These mysterious lines, depicting various animals and shapes, are believed to have been created by the Nazca culture between 500 BCE and 500 CE. Visitors can take a flight over the lines to fully appreciate their scale and complexity. The best time to visit is during the dry season, from May to October, when the skies are clear.
Amazon Rainforest
The Peruvian Amazon is a vast region of tropical rainforest in eastern Peru, part of the larger Amazon Basin. It is one of the most biodiverse areas on the planet, home to countless species of flora and fauna. Visitors can explore the jungle on guided tours, stay in eco-lodges, and experience the rich biodiversity. The best time to visit is during the dry season, from May to October, when the weather is more favorable for jungle excursions.
Lima's Historic Center
Lima, the capital of Peru, boasts a historic center that is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It features colonial architecture, including the Plaza Mayor, the Government Palace, and the Cathedral of Lima. Visitors can explore the city's rich history, enjoy its vibrant culinary scene, and visit museums such as the Larco Museum. Lima is a year-round destination, but the best time to visit is during the summer months from December to April, when the weather is warm and dry.
Huacachina Oasis
Huacachina is a small village in southwestern Peru, built around a small natural lake in the desert. It is a popular destination for sandboarding and dune buggy rides on the surrounding sand dunes. The oasis offers a unique desert experience and is a great spot for adventure seekers. The best time to visit is during the dry season, from May to September, when the weather is cooler and more comfortable for outdoor activities.