Kazakhstan / Қазақстан
Republic of Kazakhstan
Discover the Enchanting Land of Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, the world's largest landlocked country, is a fascinating blend of ancient traditions and modern advancements. Nestled in Central Asia, it boasts a rich tapestry of cultures, having been a crossroads for various civilizations throughout history. The Kazakh people are known for their warm hospitality, often inviting visitors to share in their traditional meals and customs. The country's history is deeply rooted in the nomadic lifestyle, with the yurt being a symbol of its cultural heritage. Kazakhstan is home to stunning landscapes, from the vast steppes to the majestic Altai Mountains and the serene Caspian Sea. The capital city, Nur-Sultan, is a testament to modern architectural marvels, while Almaty, the former capital, offers a glimpse into the country's Soviet past with its leafy boulevards and vibrant cultural scene. The country is also famous for its historical sites, such as the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, a UNESCO World Heritage site, and the ancient city of Turkestan. The Kazakh people celebrate a variety of festivals, with Nauryz, the Persian New Year, being one of the most significant, marked by music, dance, and traditional games. Kazakhstan's economy is bolstered by its vast natural resources, including oil, gas, and minerals, making it a key player in the global energy market. Despite its rapid modernization, Kazakhstan remains deeply connected to its roots, offering visitors a unique blend of the old and the new.
Safety
Kazakhstan is generally considered a safe country for travelers, with low crime rates in most areas. However, like any other country, it is advisable to remain vigilant in crowded places and avoid displaying valuables. Some regions, particularly near the borders, may have travel restrictions, so it's best to check local advisories before visiting.
National symbols
The national flag of Kazakhstan features a sky blue background with a golden sun and a soaring eagle beneath it, symbolizing freedom and the country's bright future. The national emblem includes a shanyrak, the upper dome of a yurt, representing the unity of the people.
Capital city
Nur-Sultan / Нұр-Сұлтан
Visas
Kazakhstan offers visa-free travel for citizens of several countries, including Russia, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates, for stays up to 30 days. Citizens of the European Union, the United States, and other countries may require a visa, which can be obtained online or at Kazakh embassies.
Customs regulations
Travelers can bring personal items duty-free into Kazakhstan. However, there are restrictions on the import of certain goods, such as alcohol and tobacco, which are limited to specific quantities. Exporting antiques and cultural artifacts requires special permission.
Prices
Kazakhstan offers a range of prices, with major cities like Nur-Sultan and Almaty being more expensive than rural areas. Public transport and local food are generally affordable, while imported goods and luxury items can be costly. Bargaining is common in local markets.
People and nationalities
Kazakhstan is a multicultural nation, with ethnic Kazakhs making up the majority. The country is also home to Russians, Uzbeks, Ukrainians, and other ethnic groups. Islam is the predominant religion, followed by Christianity. The people are known for their friendliness and respect for traditions.
Weather
Kazakhstan experiences a continental climate, with cold winters and hot summers. The best time to visit is during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) when the weather is mild and pleasant. Winters can be harsh, especially in the northern regions.
Health
Travelers to Kazakhstan are recommended to be up-to-date with routine vaccinations. Additionally, vaccinations for Hepatitis A and B, typhoid, and rabies are advised, especially if you plan to visit rural areas or have extended stays.
Food
Beshbarmak
A traditional Kazakh dish made with boiled meat, usually lamb or beef, served over flat noodles and topped with onions. It's a staple at celebrations and family gatherings.
Kumis
A fermented dairy drink made from mare's milk, known for its slightly sour taste and low alcohol content. It's a traditional beverage among the nomadic people.
Shashlik
Grilled skewered meat, often marinated and cooked over an open flame. It's a popular street food and is enjoyed throughout Central Asia.
Transport
Trains
Kazakhstan has an extensive railway network, making it a convenient and scenic way to travel between cities. The trains are comfortable, and tickets can be booked online or at stations.
Public Transport
Buses and minibuses are widely available in cities, offering an affordable way to get around. Taxis are also common, but it's advisable to agree on a fare beforehand.
Car Rental
Renting a car is a great option for exploring the countryside and remote areas. International driving permits are accepted, and roads are generally in good condition.
Regions
Almaty
City
Almaty oblysy
Region
Aqmola oblysy
Region
Aqtöbe oblysy
Region
Atyraū oblysy
Region
Batys Qazaqstan oblysy
Region
Mangghystaū oblysy
Region
Nur-Sultan
City
Pavlodar oblysy
Region
Qaraghandy oblysy
Region
Qostanay oblysy
Region
Qyzylorda oblysy
Region
Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysy
Region
Shymkent
City
Soltüstik Qazaqstan oblysy
Region
Türkistan oblysy
Region
Zhambyl oblysy
Region
What to visit?
History
The region that is now Kazakhstan was inhabited by nomadic tribes such as the Scythians and Sarmatians. These tribes were known for their horse-riding skills and played a significant role in the cultural and economic exchanges along the Silk Road.
The establishment of the Turkic Khaganate, a powerful nomadic empire that controlled much of Central Asia, including the territory of present-day Kazakhstan.
The Mongol invasion led by Genghis Khan swept through Central Asia, including Kazakhstan, leading to the incorporation of the region into the Mongol Empire.
The foundation of the Kazakh Khanate by Janibek Khan and Kerei Khan, marking the beginning of a distinct Kazakh identity and statehood.
The Kazakh Khanate began to come under Russian influence, with the signing of a treaty that made the Junior Zhuz (one of the three Kazakh hordes) a protectorate of the Russian Empire.
Kazakhstan was fully incorporated into the Russian Empire, leading to significant changes in the social and economic structures of the region.
The establishment of the Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which was later renamed the Kazakh ASSR in 1925, as part of the Soviet Union.
Kazakhstan declared its independence from the Soviet Union, becoming the last Soviet republic to do so. This date is now celebrated as Kazakhstan's Independence Day.
The capital of Kazakhstan was moved from Almaty to Astana (now Nur-Sultan), marking a significant shift in the country's political and economic focus.
The city of Astana was renamed Nur-Sultan in honor of Nursultan Nazarbayev, the first President of Kazakhstan, who resigned after nearly three decades in power.
Activities
Hiking in the Tian Shan Mountains
The Tian Shan Mountains offer some of the most breathtaking hiking trails in Kazakhstan. Known for their stunning alpine scenery, these mountains are perfect for both novice and experienced hikers. The Big Almaty Lake trail is particularly popular, offering a moderate hike with rewarding views of the turquoise lake surrounded by snow-capped peaks. The best time to hike is from June to September when the weather is mild and the trails are accessible.
Exploring the Charyn Canyon
Often compared to the Grand Canyon, Charyn Canyon is a natural wonder located about 200 kilometers east of Almaty. The canyon stretches over 154 kilometers and features dramatic rock formations and vibrant colors. Visitors can hike along the canyon floor, take guided tours, or enjoy a picnic with a view. The best time to visit is during the spring and autumn months when the temperatures are comfortable.
Visiting the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
Located in the city of Turkestan, the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi is a UNESCO World Heritage site and an important pilgrimage site for Muslims. This architectural masterpiece was commissioned by Timur in the 14th century and is renowned for its intricate tile work and massive dome. Visitors can explore the mausoleum and learn about its historical and cultural significance. The site is open year-round, but spring and autumn offer the most pleasant weather for exploration.
Skiing in Shymbulak Ski Resort
Shymbulak Ski Resort, located in the Zailiyskiy Alatau mountain range near Almaty, is the largest ski resort in Central Asia. It offers a variety of slopes for all skill levels, from beginners to advanced skiers. The resort is equipped with modern facilities, including ski lifts, rental shops, and cozy cafes. The ski season typically runs from November to April, with January and February offering the best snow conditions.
Exploring the City of Astana (Nur-Sultan)
Astana, recently renamed Nur-Sultan, is the capital city of Kazakhstan and a hub of modern architecture and culture. Visitors can explore iconic landmarks such as the Bayterek Tower, the Palace of Peace and Reconciliation, and the futuristic Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center. The city also hosts numerous cultural events and festivals throughout the year. Summer is the best time to visit, as the weather is warm and conducive to outdoor exploration.
Relaxing at the Arasan Baths
Located in Almaty, the Arasan Baths offer a luxurious spa experience with a blend of traditional and modern wellness treatments. Visitors can enjoy a variety of saunas, steam rooms, and massage services. The baths are known for their beautiful architecture and serene atmosphere, making them a perfect place to unwind after a day of sightseeing. The baths are open year-round, providing a warm retreat during the cold winter months.
Cycling in the Almaty Region
The Almaty region offers numerous cycling routes that take you through picturesque landscapes, including lush valleys, mountain passes, and rural villages. The Ile-Alatau National Park is a popular destination for cyclists, offering trails that range from easy to challenging. Cycling tours are available for those who prefer guided experiences. The best time for cycling is from May to October, when the weather is favorable and the scenery is at its most vibrant.