Iceland / Ísland
Republic of Iceland
Discover the Enchanting Land of Fire and Ice: Iceland
Iceland, often referred to as the 'Land of Fire and Ice', is a captivating country known for its stunning natural beauty and unique geological features. This Nordic island nation is home to some of the most breathtaking landscapes in the world, including majestic waterfalls, expansive glaciers, and active volcanoes. The culture of Iceland is deeply rooted in its Viking heritage, with a rich history that dates back to the settlement of Norsemen in the 9th century. Visitors can explore the ancient sagas and folklore that are still celebrated today. The Icelandic people are known for their warm hospitality and progressive mindset, making it a welcoming destination for travelers. Reykjavik, the capital city, is a vibrant hub of art, music, and cuisine, offering a perfect blend of modernity and tradition. Don't miss the chance to relax in the famous Blue Lagoon, a geothermal spa with mineral-rich waters. With its dramatic landscapes and unique cultural experiences, Iceland is a must-visit destination for adventurers and nature lovers alike.
Safety
Iceland is considered one of the safest countries in the world, with a very low crime rate. However, visitors should be cautious of natural hazards such as unpredictable weather and rough terrain, especially when exploring remote areas. It's advisable to check weather forecasts and road conditions before traveling.
National symbols
The national flag of Iceland consists of a blue field with a red cross outlined in white. The coat of arms features a silver cross on a blue shield, supported by four protectors: a bull, a giant, a vulture, and a dragon.
Capital city
Reykjavik / Reykjavík
Visas
Iceland is part of the Schengen Area, which allows for visa-free travel for up to 90 days for citizens of many countries, including the EU, USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Travelers from other countries may need to apply for a Schengen visa before arrival.
Customs regulations
Travelers can bring personal items duty-free, but there are restrictions on alcohol and tobacco. It's important to declare any items that exceed the duty-free allowance. Importing certain foods, plants, and animals is restricted to protect Iceland's environment.
Prices
Iceland is known for being relatively expensive, especially in terms of dining and accommodation. However, there are budget-friendly options available, such as hostels and self-catering accommodations. It's advisable to plan and budget accordingly.
People and nationalities
The Icelandic population is predominantly of Norse and Celtic descent, with a strong sense of national identity. The majority of Icelanders are Lutheran, and the society is known for its egalitarian values and emphasis on gender equality. The people are generally friendly and speak English fluently.
Weather
Iceland's weather is notoriously unpredictable, with mild summers and cold, windy winters. The best time to visit is during the summer months (June to August) when the days are long and the weather is relatively mild. Winter offers the chance to see the Northern Lights, but be prepared for shorter days and colder temperatures.
Health
There are no specific vaccinations required for travelers to Iceland. However, it's recommended to have routine vaccinations up to date. The healthcare system in Iceland is of high quality, and emergency services are readily available.
Food
Hákarl
Fermented shark, a traditional Icelandic dish with a strong ammonia-rich smell and taste. It's often served in small cubes and is an acquired taste.
Skyr
A dairy product similar to yogurt, but thicker and creamier. It's a staple in Icelandic cuisine, often served with berries or honey.
Lamb Soup
A hearty soup made with lamb, root vegetables, and herbs. It's a comforting dish, especially during the colder months.
Plokkfiskur
A fish stew made with boiled fish, potatoes, onions, and béchamel sauce. It's a traditional comfort food in Iceland.
Transport
Car Rental
Renting a car is one of the best ways to explore Iceland at your own pace. The Ring Road (Route 1) circles the island and connects most of the major attractions.
Public Buses
Public buses operate in Reykjavik and between towns, but services can be limited in rural areas. It's a cost-effective way to travel, but may require careful planning.
Domestic Flights
Icelandair and Air Iceland Connect offer domestic flights to various parts of the country, which can save time when traveling long distances.
Tours
Guided tours are a popular way to see Iceland's natural wonders, with options ranging from day trips to multi-day excursions.
What to visit?
History
The first permanent settlement in Iceland is established by Norse chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson, who is considered the first permanent settler of Iceland. He settled in what is now Reykjavík.
The Althing, the national parliament of Iceland, is established at Þingvellir. It is one of the oldest parliaments in the world.
Christianity is adopted as the official religion of Iceland at the Althing, marking a significant cultural and religious shift in the country.
Iceland enters into a union with Norway, ending the Icelandic Commonwealth period. This agreement is known as the Old Covenant.
Iceland comes under the rule of the Danish Crown as part of the Kalmar Union, which unites the kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
Iceland declares independence from Denmark and becomes a republic on June 17th, with Sveinn Björnsson as its first president.
Vigdís Finnbogadóttir is elected as the President of Iceland, becoming the world's first democratically elected female head of state.
Iceland experiences a major financial crisis, leading to the collapse of its banking system and significant economic challenges.
The eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano causes significant disruption to air travel across Europe due to the ash cloud it produces.
Activities
Golden Circle Tour
The Golden Circle is a popular tourist route in Iceland, covering about 300 kilometers looping from Reykjavík into the southern uplands of Iceland and back. It is the area that contains most tours and travel-related activities in Iceland. The three primary stops on the route are Þingvellir National Park, the Gullfoss waterfall, and the geothermal area in Haukadalur, which contains the famous geysers Geysir and Strokkur. This tour is ideal for those interested in geology, history, and natural beauty, and it can be enjoyed year-round.
Blue Lagoon Spa
The Blue Lagoon is a geothermal spa located in a lava field in Grindavík on the Reykjanes Peninsula, southwestern Iceland. It is one of the most visited attractions in Iceland. The warm waters are rich in minerals like silica and sulfur and bathing in the Blue Lagoon is reputed to help some people suffering from skin diseases such as psoriasis. The spa is located in a lava field near Grindavík and is supplied by water used in the nearby Svartsengi geothermal power station. The Blue Lagoon is open year-round and offers a unique experience of relaxation and rejuvenation.
Northern Lights Viewing
Iceland is one of the best places in the world to see the Northern Lights, also known as the Aurora Borealis. The best time to see the Northern Lights in Iceland is from late September to early April. The lights are visible under clear, dark skies, and the best locations are away from city lights, such as Þingvellir National Park, the Snaefellsnes Peninsula, and the Westfjords. Many tour operators offer Northern Lights tours, which can include a combination of sightseeing and aurora hunting.
Reykjavik City Tour
Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, is a vibrant city with a rich cultural scene. A city tour can include visits to landmarks such as Hallgrímskirkja, the Harpa Concert Hall, and the Sun Voyager sculpture. The city is also known for its museums, including the National Museum of Iceland and the Reykjavik Art Museum. Reykjavik is a great place to explore on foot, with its colorful buildings, lively cafes, and unique shops. The city tour is ideal for those interested in culture, history, and urban exploration.
Hiking in Landmannalaugar
Landmannalaugar is a region near the volcano Hekla in the southern part of Iceland's highlands. It is known for its stunning landscapes, including colorful rhyolite mountains, hot springs, and vast lava fields. The area is a popular destination for hiking, with trails ranging from easy walks to challenging treks. The most famous hike is the Laugavegur Trail, which takes you through some of Iceland's most breathtaking scenery. The hiking season in Landmannalaugar is typically from June to September.
Whale Watching in Húsavík
Húsavík, located on the northern coast of Iceland, is often referred to as the whale watching capital of Iceland. The town offers several whale watching tours that provide the opportunity to see a variety of whale species, including humpback whales, minke whales, and blue whales. The tours also offer the chance to see other marine life, such as dolphins and puffins. Whale watching tours are available from April to October, with the peak season being in the summer months.
Exploring Ice Caves
Iceland is home to some of the most stunning ice caves in the world, located in the Vatnajökull glacier, the largest glacier in Europe. These natural ice formations are a must-see for any visitor to Iceland. The ice caves are accessible during the winter months, typically from November to March, when the ice is stable enough for exploration. Guided tours are available, providing visitors with the opportunity to explore the mesmerizing blue ice and learn about the glacier's formation and history.