Bluff
Southland
Bluff, also known by its Māori name Motupōhue, is a small town and seaport located in the Southland region on the southern coast of New Zealand's South Island. It serves as the main port for the nearby city of Invercargill and holds the distinction of being the southernmost town on the mainland of New Zealand. The town was originally named Campbelltown when it became a borough in 1878, but was renamed Bluff in 1917, a name derived from the prominent bluff hill that shelters the town. Bluff Hill, standing at 265 meters, is a key landmark offering shelter from prevailing winds and features a scenic walking path through native bush. The town’s history dates back to the early 19th century when European settlers established a whaling station in 1836, making it one of the earliest European settlements in New Zealand. Bluff is also culturally significant, reflected in its Māori heritage and the symbolic chain sculpture on the coast representing the connection to Stewart Island. The town is accessible via State Highway 1, terminating near Stirling Point, where a famous signpost points to global destinations including the Equator and South Pole. The local economy includes port activities and proximity to the Tiwai Point aluminium smelter. Bluff’s mild oceanic climate makes it a comfortable destination year-round, with moderate temperatures and coastal scenery that attract visitors interested in maritime history, nature, and New Zealand’s southernmost culture.
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Tip: The best time to visit Bluff is during the warmer months when the weather is mild and outdoor activities such as walking Bluff Hill's scenic trails are most enjoyable. Visitors should consider purchasing tickets or booking tours in advance during peak seasons to ensure availability. Stirling Point, with its iconic signpost, is a must-see, and local seafood, especially Bluff oysters, is highly recommended. Discounts may be available for groups or seniors at local attractions. The town’s compact size makes it easy to explore on foot, but having a car is useful for visiting surrounding natural areas and the nearby Tiwai Point area.
Interesting facts
- •Bluff is the southernmost town on New Zealand's mainland, often referred to as the country's southern extremity.
- •Bluff Hill / Motupōhue stands 265 meters tall and shelters the town from prevailing westerly winds.
- •A chain sculpture on Bluff's coast symbolizes the Māori belief that Stewart Island is anchored to the South Island.
- •The town's streets are named after Irish rivers, reflecting historical cultural influences.
- •Bluff is home to one of New Zealand's earliest railways, the Bluff Branch, opened in 1867.
History
Bluff's European history began in 1813 with the visit of the ship Perseverance's crew seeking flax trading opportunities.
The first permanent European settlement was established around 1836 with a whaling station.
The town was originally named Campbelltown when it became a borough in 1878 but was officially renamed Bluff in 1917 to reflect the prominent bluff hill landmark.
The Bluff Branch railway line, one of New Zealand's earliest railways, opened in 1867 connecting the town with Invercargill.
Over the centuries, Bluff developed as a key port town with maritime and industrial significance, including the nearby Tiwai Point aluminium smelter established in the 20th century.
Place Guide
Bluff Hill / Motupōhue
A 265-meter high bluff dominating the town, offering walking trails through native bush and panoramic views over Bluff Harbour and Awarua Bay. It is the natural landmark after which the town is named and provides shelter from westerly winds.
Stirling Point
The southern terminus of State Highway 1, featuring a famous signpost indicating distances and directions to major cities and landmarks worldwide, including the Equator and the South Pole.
Bluff Harbour and Port
A key maritime hub serving Invercargill and the Southland region, with a narrow entrance channel protected by Bluff Hill. The port supports local industry and shipping, including alumina imports for the nearby aluminium smelter at Tiwai Point.
