Cirque de Mafate
Réunion
The Cirque de Mafate is a dramatic caldera formed by the collapse of the Piton des Neiges shield volcano on Réunion Island. Entirely enclosed by steep mountain cliffs known as remparts, it features several small hamlets called îlets scattered on flat terraces. Historically settled by escaped slaves and later poor laborers, Mafate remains inaccessible by road, reachable only by foot or helicopter. Its name derives from the Malagasy word "Mahafaty," meaning lethal, reflecting the challenging terrain. The area is part of Réunion National Park and a UNESCO World Heritage site, preserving its unique geological formations and biodiversity. Residents rely on solar power and limited supplies flown in by helicopter, maintaining a rustic lifestyle. The cirque offers grocery stores, simple eateries, and gîtes for hikers. Its network of footpaths connects it to neighboring cirques and the island's west coast, making it a premier destination for nature lovers seeking solitude and adventure in unspoiled surroundings.
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Tip: The best time to visit Cirque de Mafate is during the dry season to avoid frequent cloud cover and slippery trails. Hikers should book accommodations (gîtes) in advance, especially during peak seasons. Since there are no roads, all supplies must be carried in or flown by helicopter; plan accordingly. Visitors can benefit from local grocery stores and small eateries in the hamlets. Use low-energy lighting and solar-heated water facilities respectfully, acknowledging the limited resources. Emergency evacuations require helicopter assistance, so always inform local guides of your plans.
Interesting facts
- •The name 'Mafate' comes from the Malagasy word 'Mahafaty', meaning lethal, highlighting the difficulty of accessing the cirque.
- •The cirque was settled by escaped slaves (maroons) in the 19th century, who established isolated communities.
- •There are no roads into Mafate; all access is by foot or helicopter, preserving its untouched nature.
- •Residents produce their own electricity using solar panels and rely on helicopter deliveries for diesel and gas supplies.
- •Mafate is part of the Réunion National Park and a UNESCO World Heritage site since 2010.
History
Cirque de Mafate was formed by the collapse and erosion of the Piton des Neiges volcano, creating a rugged caldera enclosed by towering cliffs.
Settled in the 19th century by maroon slaves escaping bondage and later by poor laborers, the cirque developed isolated communities on flat terraces called îlets.
It was originally known as the Cirque de la Rivière des Galets but acquired the name Mafate in the late 19th century, inspired by a maroon leader and the Malagasy term for lethal.
The area became part of Réunion National Park in 2007 and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2010, recognizing its geological and cultural significance.
The absence of roads has preserved its natural state, making it a unique example of traditional mountain settlement.
Place Guide
La Nouvelle Village
The main village of Cirque de Mafate, La Nouvelle serves as the central hub for residents and hikers, offering basic amenities such as grocery stores, eateries, and accommodations (gîtes). It is accessible via footpaths and is the largest settlement within the cirque.
Hamlets (Îlets)
Scattered throughout the cirque are several small hamlets or îlets, such as Marla, Roche-Plate, and Îlet-aux-Orangers. These settlements are situated on flat terraces and maintain a traditional, self-sufficient lifestyle with solar power and local agriculture.
Hiking Trails
The cirque is renowned for its extensive network of footpaths connecting it to neighboring cirques and the island's coast. Notable routes include the Col des Bœufs from Cirque de Salazie, Col du Taïbit from Cirque de Cilaos, and Canalisation des Orangers from Saint Paul. These trails offer spectacular views of the rugged landscape.
Remparts and Lookout Points
The cirque is surrounded by towering cliffs known as remparts, offering breathtaking panoramic views. Key viewpoints include Maïdo, Col des Bœufs, and Cap Noir, accessible from nearby roads and popular for photography and nature observation.
