Cape Spear Lighthouse National Historic Site
Newfoundland and Labrador
Cape Spear Lighthouse National Historic Site, located near St. John's on Newfoundland's Avalon Peninsula, marks the easternmost point of Canada and North America excluding Greenland. Established in 1836, it is home to the oldest surviving lighthouse in Newfoundland, offering visitors a glimpse into the lives of 19th-century lighthouse keepers and their families. The site features a restored original wooden lighthouse and keeper's residence, preserved to reflect the 1839 period. Cape Spear also played a strategic role during World War II, hosting a Canadian gun battery to protect St. John's harbor, with bunkers and gun barrels still visible today. Visitors can experience breathtaking views of the Atlantic Ocean, watch migrating whales and seabirds, and explore trails that form part of the East Coast Trail. The lighthouse transitioned from oil to acetylene and finally electricity by 1930, with a concrete lighthouse built in 1955 replacing the original light. The site includes a visitor centre with guided tours, educational programs, and a gift shop, showcasing the cultural and ecological significance of this rugged coastal landmark.
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Tip: Visit during the summer months from June to early October for optimal weather and full access to the lighthouse and visitor centre. Purchase passes or tickets in advance to avoid lines, especially on weekends. Be cautious of large, unpredictable waves along the coast and heed all safety warnings posted by Parks Canada. Free admission is available for youth. Guided tours provide deeper insight into the lighthouse's history and the lives of its keepers.
Interesting facts
- •Cape Spear is the easternmost point of Canada and North America excluding Greenland.
- •The original lighthouse is the oldest surviving lighthouse in Newfoundland, dating back to 1836.
- •During World War II, a Canadian gun battery with two 10-inch guns was installed to defend St. John's harbor.
- •The lighthouse was originally lit by seven Argand burners and curved reflectors, later upgraded to a dioptric lens system.
- •The Cantwell family served as lighthouse keepers for over 150 years, spanning multiple generations.
- •Cape Spear is a trailhead for the East Coast Trail, a famous hiking route along Newfoundland's coast.
History
The Cape Spear lighthouse was constructed beginning in 1834 and first lit in 1836, making it the second lighthouse built in Newfoundland.
It was established to aid navigation at the entrance to St.
John's harbor.
The site was named by Portuguese explorers as 'Cabo da Esperança' or 'Cape of Hope' and later adapted to Cape Spear.
During World War II, Cape Spear hosted a Canadian gun battery with ex-US 10-inch guns to defend against potential threats, and a radar station monitored air traffic.
The lighthouse and keeper's buildings have been restored and designated a National Historic Site of Canada, preserving over 150 years of maritime heritage.
Place Guide
Original 1836 Lighthouse1836
The restored wooden lighthouse building and keeper's residence, preserved to reflect the 1839 period, offer visitors insight into the isolated life of lighthouse keepers in the 19th century.
World War II Gun Battery and Bunkers1940s
Remnants of the Canadian-manned gun battery installed during World War II, including two 10-inch guns on disappearing carriages and underground bunkers, provide a historical glimpse into the site's military significance.
East Coast Trail Access
Cape Spear serves as a trailhead for sections of the East Coast Trail, allowing visitors to explore Newfoundland's rugged coastline and experience its natural beauty and wildlife.
Contact
Phone: (709) 772-2191
