Makira Island
Makira-Ulawa
Makira Island, formerly known as San Cristóbal, is the largest island in the Makira-Ulawa Province of the Solomon Islands and the third most populous in the country with over 55,000 inhabitants as of 2020. The island lies east of Guadalcanal and south of Malaita, with Kirakira as its largest town and provincial capital. Its landscape is characterized by tropical rainforests, steep valleys, numerous streams, and waterfalls, creating a rugged and biodiverse environment. A significant portion of the eastern part of Makira has been designated as an Important Bird Area due to its critical habitat for many endemic and threatened bird species, including the Melanesian scrubfowl, Sanford's sea eagle, and the Makira flycatcher. The island also hosts unique fauna such as restricted-range bats and endemic figs, with some species like the Makira woodhen presumed extinct. Despite its natural richness, Makira faces environmental threats from logging, invasive species, and human population pressures. The island also supports rural education initiatives like the Stuyvenberg Rural Training Centre, contributing to the local community's development. Visitors to Makira can experience pristine natural beauty combined with a glimpse of Solomon Islands' cultural heritage and biodiversity.
Plan your trip to Solomon Islands with AI
Create a detailed itinerary in minutes. AI suggests the best places, restaurants, and an optimized route.
Tip: Visitors are advised to plan their trip during the dry season for easier access and better wildlife viewing. Given the island's remote location and limited infrastructure, arranging travel and accommodations in advance is recommended. While exploring natural areas, respect local conservation efforts and avoid disturbing wildlife habitats. Purchasing guided tours or local experiences through reputable providers can enhance understanding of Makira's unique biodiversity and culture. Discounts or concessions may be available for students or groups at educational centers like the Stuyvenberg Rural Training Centre.
Interesting facts
- •Makira Island is the third most populous island in the Solomon Islands with over 55,000 residents as of 2020.
- •The eastern part of Makira is recognized as an Important Bird Area supporting numerous endemic and threatened bird species.
- •Several bird species once native to Makira, such as the Makira woodhen and thick-billed ground dove, are presumed extinct.
- •The island features rugged terrain with steep valleys, streams, and waterfalls, contributing to its rich biodiversity.
- •Makira hosts a rural vocational training center, the Stuyvenberg Rural Training Centre, supporting local education.
- •A potentially new species of giant rat (Solomys) has been recorded on the island.
History
Makira Island was first sighted by Europeans during the Spanish expedition led by Álvaro de Mendaña in June 1568.
The island was mapped as San Cristóbal by a smaller local voyage from Guadalcanal commanded by Alférez Hernando Enriquez with pilot Hernán Gallego.
Over the centuries, Makira has maintained its indigenous culture and natural environment despite external influences.
The island's historical significance includes its early European contact and ongoing role as a cultural and ecological stronghold within the Solomon Islands.
Place Guide
Important Bird Area (IBA) of Eastern Makira
This large tract of largely forested land encompasses the eastern part of Makira Island, featuring tropical rainforest habitats crucial for many endemic and threatened bird species. The area includes steep valleys, waterfalls, and floodplains, offering excellent opportunities for birdwatching and nature exploration.
Kirakira Town
The capital and largest town on Makira Island, Kirakira serves as the administrative and cultural center of the province. Visitors can experience local markets, coastal scenery, and traditional Solomon Islands culture here.
Stuyvenberg Rural Training Centre
A rural boarding vocational education center operated by the Society of Mary, providing training and education to local youth on the north coast of eastern Makira. It plays an important role in community development and skills training.