Jerash Archaeological Site
Jarash
Jerash Archaeological Site, located in northern Jordan, is renowned for its remarkably preserved Greco-Roman ruins, reflecting a rich history spanning from the Neolithic period through Roman and Byzantine times. Originally known as Gerasa, it was a prominent city of the Decapolis, a league of Hellenistic cities enjoying Roman protection. The site includes impressive colonnaded streets, temples, theaters, and early Christian churches that illustrate the evolution of architectural styles over centuries. Jerash flourished under Roman rule from 63 BC and became an important urban center with a diverse population including Syrians and Jews. The city suffered significant damage from the 749 Galilee earthquake and later invasions, including Crusader destruction in the 12th century, leading to periods of abandonment. Archaeological excavations since 1925 have gradually revealed its grandeur, uncovering public buildings, fortifications, and residential quarters. Today, Jerash hosts an annual cultural festival attracting tens of thousands, and recent discoveries have shed light on its Middle Islamic and Mamluk periods, enriching understanding of its continuous habitation. Its blend of ancient ruins and cultural vitality makes Jerash a unique window into the classical and medieval history of the region.
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Tip: The best time to visit Jerash is during the spring and autumn months when the weather is mild and pleasant. Visitors are encouraged to purchase tickets in advance, especially during the Jerash Festival, to avoid long queues. Guided tours are recommended to fully appreciate the historical context. Discounts may be available for students, seniors, and groups. The site is accessible by car or organized tours from Amman, and comfortable walking shoes are advisable due to the extensive ruins.
Interesting facts
- •Jerash is often called the 'Pompeii of the Middle East' due to its exceptional preservation of Roman architecture.
- •The site contains ruins from multiple periods including Neolithic, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic eras.
- •Archaeologists discovered human skulls dating back to the Neolithic period (7500–5500 BC) at Jerash, among the rarest such finds worldwide.
- •Jerash was one of the few cities in the region during the First Jewish–Roman War that protected its Jewish residents rather than persecuting them.
- •A mass grave found in Jerash provides evidence of the Plague of Justinian in the region around the 6th century AD.
- •The Jerash Festival is a major cultural event attracting tens of thousands of visitors annually to celebrate Middle Eastern arts and heritage.
History
Jerash's history dates back to the Neolithic period, with human remains from around 7500 BC evidencing early settlement.
It evolved into the Hellenistic city of Gerasa, possibly founded by Alexander the Great or Seleucid rulers, and later became part of the Hasmonean Kingdom.
The Roman conquest in 63 BC integrated Jerash into the Decapolis, marking its golden age with extensive urban development.
The city endured destruction from the 749 Galilee earthquake and was devastated by Crusaders in the 12th century.
After periods of abandonment, Jerash reemerged during Ottoman rule in the 16th century and has been gradually excavated since the early 20th century, revealing layers from various historical eras.
Place Guide
The Oval Plaza2nd century AD
A large open-air forum with a distinctive elliptical shape, surrounded by a colonnade, serving as a central public space in Roman Gerasa.
The South Theater2nd century AD
A well-preserved Roman theater used for performances and public gatherings, showcasing impressive acoustics and tiered seating.
Temple of Artemis2nd century AD
Dedicated to the goddess Artemis, this temple was a focal point of worship and features grand Corinthian columns and intricate carvings.
Hadrian's Arch129-130 AD
A monumental arch built to honor Emperor Hadrian’s visit to Jerash in 129-130 AD, marking imperial favor and urban prestige.
Cardo Maximus2nd century AD
The main north-south colonnaded street of Jerash, lined with shops, public buildings, and monuments, exemplifying Roman urban planning.
Contact
Phone: (02) 635 4653
