Externsteine
Nordrhein-Westfalen
Located in the Teutoburg Forest near Horn-Bad Meinberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, the Externsteine are a remarkable sandstone rock formation rising about 40 meters high. Comprising several tall, narrow pillars, these natural towers emerge dramatically from the forested landscape. Geologically formed during the early Cretaceous period around 100 million years ago, the rocks were later tilted vertically due to tectonic forces. The formation includes thirteen main pillars, with notable ones named Grottenfels (with a cave) and Turmfels (tower), reaching heights up to 37.5 meters. Over centuries, humans have modified and decorated the southwestern faces, including medieval Christian carvings such as the famous Descent from the Cross relief. Historically, the site is linked to pagan Saxon traditions and was reportedly the location of the Irminsul idol destroyed by Charlemagne, though archaeological evidence is lacking. In the Middle Ages, the stones served as a hermitage and Christian worship site. Today, the Externsteine are a protected natural and cultural monument, attracting around half a million visitors annually and offering hiking trails like the Hermannsweg that pass through the formation. The surrounding area features a pond created in the 19th century and park-like landscaping, enhancing the mystical atmosphere of this unique landmark.
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Tip: Visit during spring or early autumn for pleasant weather and fewer crowds. Purchase tickets online in advance for guided tours that include access to the cave and detailed historical insights. Discounts are available for families and groups. The site is open daily with climbing allowed between 10 AM and 6 PM, last ticket sold at 5:30 PM. Wear sturdy footwear for climbing and exploring the rocky terrain.
Interesting facts
- •The Externsteine consist of thirteen distinct sandstone pillars, with the tallest reaching 37.5 meters.
- •The site features a medieval relief depicting the Descent from the Cross carved into one of the rocks.
- •The name 'Externsteine' likely derives from a Germanic root meaning 'sharp' or 'pointed,' reflecting the formation's jagged appearance.
- •The formation was originally horizontal sandstone layers laid down about 100 million years ago and later tilted nearly vertical.
- •About half a million visitors come to the Externsteine each year, making it a significant natural and cultural attraction in Germany.
History
The Externsteine have been known since at least the 11th century with various documented name forms.
The sandstone formation originated in the early Cretaceous period about 100 million years ago and was tilted vertically around 70 million years ago due to tectonic activity.
In medieval times, the site served as a hermitage and Christian chapel, with the famous medieval relief carved into the rock.
The popular belief that the site was a pagan Saxon cult location and the site of the Irminsul idol dates back to the 16th century but lacks archaeological confirmation.
The artificial pond at the base was created in the 19th century, and since then, the site has been protected as a natural and cultural monument.
Place Guide
Grottenfels (Cave Rock)Medieval period
The largest rock of the formation, featuring a natural cave historically used as a hermitage and spiritual retreat.
Turmfels (Tower Rock)
A towering pillar rising 37.5 meters, offering panoramic views of the surrounding Teutoburg Forest when climbed.
Descent from the Cross ReliefHigh Middle Ages
A medieval Christian carving on one of the rocks depicting the biblical scene of Christ's descent from the cross, reflecting the site's religious significance.
Contact
Phone: 05234 2029796
