Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
Jiangsu Sheng
The Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, located at the foot of Purple Mountain's second peak in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, is a monumental tribute to Sun Yat-sen, revered as the Father of Modern China. Constructed between 1926 and 1929 following Sun's death in 1925, the mausoleum was designed by architect Lü Yanzhi, who passed away shortly after its completion, with his colleague Huang Tanpu overseeing the project. The mausoleum harmoniously combines traditional imperial tomb elements with modern architecture, featuring a grand stairway of 392 steps flanked by pine, cypress, and ginkgo trees leading to a triarched marble gate inscribed with Sun's motto, "What is under heaven is for all." Inside, visitors find a pavilion with a large memorial stele, a sacrificial hall housing a 4.6-meter white marble statue of Sun, and the vault containing his burial chamber beneath a marble sarcophagus. The site is not only a place of historical significance but also a symbol of Sun's revolutionary ideals and his role in ending monarchy in China. The mausoleum endured damage during the Second Sino-Japanese War, including bullet holes from Japanese shelling, which remain visible today as reminders of its turbulent history. Surrounded by serene natural beauty and rich cultural symbolism, the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum attracts visitors seeking to honor China's modern revolutionary heritage.
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Consiglio: Visitors are advised to visit during spring or autumn for pleasant weather and to avoid peak holiday crowds. Tickets are recommended to be purchased in advance, especially during national holidays. Discounts may be available for students, seniors, and group tours. Comfortable walking shoes are suggested due to the long stairway leading to the mausoleum. Guided tours can enhance understanding of the site's historical and architectural significance.
Fatti interessanti
- •The mausoleum's stairway consists of exactly 392 steps, symbolizing the year of Sun Yat-sen's birth (1866) and death (1925) combined.
- •A huge bronze ding, an ancient Chinese vessel symbolizing power, sits atop a three-tier stone stand at the mausoleum's entrance.
- •Bullet holes from Japanese shelling during the Battle of Nanking remain visible on a bronze tripod near the western steps.
- •The main gate bears Sun Yat-sen's personal motto "Tian Xia Wei Gong" meaning "What is under heaven is for all."
- •The statue of Sun inside the sacrificial hall is carved from Italian white marble and stands 4.6 meters tall.
Storia
The mausoleum was initiated shortly after Sun Yat-sen's death in 1925, with construction beginning in January 1926 and completing in spring 1929.
Lü Yanzhi's design was selected through a competitive process emphasizing traditional Chinese style with modern elements.
Sun's body was embalmed and temporarily housed in Beijing before being interred at the mausoleum in June 1929.
During the Battle of Nanking in the Second Sino-Japanese War, the site suffered damage from Japanese shelling.
The mausoleum was protected by Japanese troops during the occupation to prevent encroachment.
Plans for a nearby tomb for Wang Jingwei, a Japanese puppet leader, were destroyed after Japan's surrender.
Guida del luogo
Paifang Gate1929
The towering triarched marble gate at the mausoleum's entrance, inscribed with Sun Yat-sen's personal motto "Tian Xia Wei Gong" meaning "What is under heaven is for all." It marks the beginning of the ascent to the mausoleum.
Stairway1926-1929
A monumental 480-meter long stairway consisting of 392 steps leads from the Paifang gate to the vault. It is flanked by pine, cypress, and ginkgo trees, creating a solemn and serene atmosphere.
Sacrificial Hall1929
A grand hall measuring 30 meters by 25 meters and 29 meters tall, housing a 4.6-meter tall white marble statue of Sun Yat-sen. The hall's ceiling features the Kuomintang flag, and biographical information about Sun is displayed for visitors.
Vault and Burial Chamber1929
The bell-shaped vault contains the marble false sarcophagus of Sun Yat-sen. His actual body is interred in a burial chamber five meters below, enclosed in a bronze coffin, preserving his remains according to his wishes.
Contatto
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