Portugal

The region that is now Portugal was inhabited by Celtic tribes, such as the Lusitanians, who were known for their resistance against Roman conquest.

The Romans began their conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, including the area that would become Portugal, integrating it into the Roman Empire as the province of Lusitania.

The Moors, Muslim invaders from North Africa, conquered much of the Iberian Peninsula, including Portugal, which remained under Islamic rule for several centuries.

Afonso Henriques declared himself King of Portugal after the Battle of Ourique, marking the beginning of the Kingdom of Portugal.

The Treaty of Zamora was signed, recognizing Portugal as an independent kingdom, with Afonso I as its first king.

The Battle of Aljubarrota took place, where Portuguese forces, led by King John I, defeated the Castilian army, securing Portugal's independence.

The Portuguese captured Ceuta in North Africa, marking the beginning of the Portuguese Empire and the Age of Discoveries.

Vasco da Gama set sail from Lisbon on his voyage to India, opening a sea route to Asia and establishing Portugal as a major maritime power.

The Portuguese Restoration War began, leading to the end of the Iberian Union and the restoration of Portuguese independence from Spanish rule.

The Great Lisbon Earthquake occurred, causing widespread destruction and leading to significant changes in Portuguese society and architecture.

The Portuguese monarchy was overthrown, and the First Portuguese Republic was established.

The Carnation Revolution took place, a peaceful coup that ended the Estado Novo dictatorship and led to the establishment of a democratic government.

Portugal joined the European Economic Community, which later became the European Union, marking a significant step in its economic and political integration with Europe.