Luxembourg

The history of Luxembourg begins with the acquisition of Lucilinburhuc (today's Luxembourg City) by Siegfried, Count of Ardennes, marking the foundation of the County of Luxembourg.

The County of Luxembourg was elevated to a Duchy by Emperor Charles IV, who was also King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor, enhancing its political significance in the region.

The Duchy of Luxembourg was captured by Philip the Good of Burgundy, marking the beginning of Burgundian rule.

The Congress of Vienna established Luxembourg as a Grand Duchy and placed it in personal union with the Netherlands under King William I, while also making it a member of the German Confederation.

The Treaty of London resulted in the partition of Luxembourg, with the western part becoming part of Belgium and the eastern part remaining a Grand Duchy under the personal union with the Netherlands.

The Second Treaty of London reaffirmed Luxembourg's independence and neutrality, leading to the dismantling of its fortress and the withdrawal of the Prussian garrison.

The personal union with the Netherlands ended, and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg became fully independent under the rule of the House of Nassau-Weilburg.

Nazi Germany invaded Luxembourg during World War II, leading to its occupation until liberation by Allied forces in 1944.

Luxembourg became a founding member of NATO, aligning itself with Western Europe during the Cold War.

Luxembourg was one of the six founding members of the European Economic Community, which later evolved into the European Union.

Luxembourg adopted the euro as its official currency, further integrating its economy with the European Union.