Chichen Itza
Southeast Mexico Region
Chichen Itza was a large pre-Columbian city built by the Maya people during the Terminal Classic period, located in the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico. It served as a major political and economic center in the Northern Maya Lowlands from approximately AD 600 to AD 1200. The site showcases a unique blend of architectural styles, including Maya, Puuc, Chenes, and influences from central Mexico, reflecting a diverse population and cultural diffusion. The city is renowned for monumental structures such as the Temple of Kukulkan, also known as "El Castillo," which symbolizes the feathered serpent deity Kukulcán. Chichen Itza was likely one of the mythical great cities, or Tollans, referenced in Mesoamerican literature. The Sacred Cenote, a natural sinkhole, was used for ritual sacrifices to the rain god Chaac, with archaeological evidence confirming offerings of gold, jade, pottery, incense, and human remains. Today, the ruins are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most visited archaeological sites in Mexico, maintained by Mexico's National Institute of Anthropology and History. The site reflects a rich history of political power, religious significance, and architectural innovation that continues to attract millions of visitors yearly.
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Tip: The best time to visit Chichen Itza is during the dry season, typically from November to April, to avoid heavy rains. To enhance your experience, consider purchasing tickets in advance to avoid long lines, especially during peak tourist seasons. Guided tours are recommended to fully appreciate the site's historical and cultural context. Visitors can benefit from discounts available for students, seniors, and children. Early morning or late afternoon visits are ideal for cooler temperatures and better lighting for photography. Comfortable walking shoes and sun protection are advised due to the extensive outdoor areas and tropical climate.
Interesting facts
- •Chichen Itza's Temple of Kukulkan was voted one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in 2007.
- •The name 'Chichén Itzá' means 'At the mouth of the well of the Itzá,' referring to the Sacred Cenote, a natural sinkhole used for ritual sacrifices.
- •A hidden cenote was discovered beneath the Temple of Kukulkan in 2015, never before seen by archaeologists.
- •Artifacts recovered from the Sacred Cenote include gold, jade, pottery, and human remains with signs of sacrifice.
- •Chichen Itza was likely one of the mythical Tollan cities mentioned in later Mesoamerican literature.
History
Chichen Itza was founded around AD 250 by the Chan Maya from Bacalar, who later became known as the Itzá.
The city grew to become a dominant political and economic center in the Yucatán Peninsula by the Late Classic and early Postclassic periods (AD 600–1200).
It experienced multiple construction phases and cultural influences, including Toltec elements, reflected in its architecture and religious practices.
The city was part of the Mayapán League but declined following internal conflicts and warfare, culminating in the Itzá fleeing the region around AD 1194.
Over time, many original structures were destroyed and rebuilt, with militarism and religious cults playing significant roles in its history.
Place Guide
Temple of Kukulkan (El Castillo)c. 800–1100 AD
This iconic stepped pyramid is dedicated to the feathered serpent god Kukulcán. It features a unique architectural design that creates a serpent shadow during equinoxes, symbolizing the descent of the deity. The pyramid has 365 steps corresponding to the days of the year.
Sacred CenotePre-Columbian period
A natural sinkhole used by the Maya for ritual sacrifices to the rain god Chaac. Archaeological dredging revealed offerings of gold, jade, pottery, incense, and human remains, confirming its ceremonial importance.
Contact
Phone: 985 851 0137
