Ortygia
Sicilia
Ortygia, a small island of about 1 km², forms the oldest part of the city of Syracuse in Sicily. It is famed as the original settlement site founded by Corinthian colonists in 733 BC, where they displaced the indigenous Sicels. The island is geologically part of the Iblei mountains and features a rocky, indented coastline with some sandy coves. Ortygia holds profound historical and religious significance, being sacred to the goddess Artemis, linked to ancient Greek mythology and cults. Its landscape includes the freshwater spring of Arethusa, home to unique flora like Cyperus papyrus and freshwater fauna. Over centuries, Ortygia has evolved architecturally, especially after the 1693 earthquake, adopting a Baroque style that defines much of its present appearance. It remains a vibrant cultural and historical center, reflecting Syracuse's millennia-long legacy as a powerful Mediterranean metropolis and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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Tip: The best time to visit Ortygia is during spring and early autumn when the weather is pleasant and the island is less crowded. Booking guided walking tours in advance is recommended to fully appreciate its rich history and architecture. Visitors can benefit from combined tickets for museums and archaeological sites in Syracuse. Exploring early in the morning or late afternoon offers a more tranquil experience and better light for photography.
Interesting facts
- •Ortygia's name derives from the ancient Greek word for 'quail' and is linked to the goddess Artemis, who was worshipped there.
- •The island hosts the freshwater spring Arethusa, one of the few freshwater sources on a Mediterranean island, featuring the rare papyrus plant.
- •Ortygia was the original landing and settlement site of Corinthian colonists who founded Syracuse in 733 BC.
- •The island's Baroque architecture largely results from reconstruction after the 1693 earthquake.
- •Ortygia is geologically part of the Iblei Mountains and features a rocky coastline with some sandy beaches.
History
Ortygia's history dates back to the Neolithic period with continuous habitation evidenced by archaeological finds.
It became the foundation site of Syracuse when Corinthian settlers led by Archias established the city in 733 BC, displacing the Sicels.
The island was named Ortigia, meaning 'quail' in ancient Greek, and became sacred to Artemis, the lunar goddess.
Over time, it was connected to the mainland by a narrow causeway and developed as the political and religious core of Syracuse.
The island’s architecture was heavily influenced during the Spanish era and rebuilt in Baroque style after the devastating 1693 earthquake, preserving its historical significance through the centuries.
Place Guide
Arethusa Spring
A legendary freshwater spring on Ortygia, said to be a gift from the goddess Artemis. It features papyrus plants and freshwater fish, unique on a Mediterranean island.
Historic Baroque CenterPost-1693
The heart of Ortygia showcasing splendid Baroque architecture, rebuilt after the 1693 earthquake. Includes palaces, churches, and piazzas reflecting Spanish influence.
Ancient Greek Settlement Site8th century BC
The original landing place of Corinthian colonists in 733 BC, marking the foundation of Syracuse. Archaeological remains attest to continuous habitation since Neolithic times.
