Gonio Fortress
Ajaria
Gonio Fortress, located in Adjara, Georgia near the Black Sea, is a remarkable Roman fortification dating back to the 1st century AD. Originally known as Apsarus, it was a significant fortified city within the ancient region of Colchis, noted for its theatre and hippodrome. The rectangular fortress features four gates and 22 towers, of which 18 remain intact, showcasing impressive Roman military architecture. Throughout history, Gonio came under Byzantine and later Ottoman control, reflecting its strategic importance. The fortress is also linked to the legend of Saint Matthias, one of the twelve apostles, whose grave is believed to be inside, although excavations near the site are restricted. Recent archaeological efforts have focused on uncovering Roman layers, revealing the site's rich cultural heritage. Today, Gonio attracts many visitors, especially in summer, drawn by its historical significance and proximity to cleaner Black Sea beaches compared to nearby Batumi.
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Tip: The best time to visit Gonio Fortress is during the summer months when the weather is warm and the nearby beaches are most enjoyable. Visitors are advised to check for any restrictions on archaeological areas, as some parts near the alleged grave of Saint Matthias are off-limits. Purchasing tickets in advance is recommended during peak tourist season to avoid queues. Exploring the fortress with a guided tour can enrich the experience by providing historical context. Nearby beaches offer a pleasant complement to the visit, making it ideal for a combined cultural and leisure day trip.
Interesting facts
- •The fortress was originally called Apsarus and is mentioned by Pliny the Elder in the 1st century AD.
- •Gonio features 22 towers along its walls, with 18 still surviving today.
- •The grave of Saint Matthias, one of the twelve apostles, is traditionally believed to be located within the fortress.
- •In 1647, Gonio was briefly captured by a Cossack navy before being retaken by Ottoman forces.
- •Recent archaeological excavations focus on uncovering Roman layers beneath the fortress.
History
First referenced in the 1st century AD by Pliny the Elder, Gonio Fortress was an important Roman city within Colchis, noted in ancient sources such as Appian and Procopius.
By the 6th century, it had significant public buildings, indicating its prominence.
The fortress later came under Byzantine influence and was mentioned in the 14th century by Michael Panaretos under the name Gonio.
A Genoese trade factory briefly operated there before the Ottomans captured it in 1547.
The Ottomans controlled the site until 1878, when Adjara was ceded to the Russian Empire following the San-Stefano Treaty.
The fortress also witnessed a brief capture by Cossack forces in 1647, quickly reversed by Ottoman and local troops.
Place Guide
Fortress Walls and Towers1st century AD
The fortress is rectangular with four gates and 22 towers along its circuit walls, 18 of which are still standing, illustrating Roman military architecture and defensive design.
Site of Saint Matthias' Grave
Believed to be the burial place of Saint Matthias, one of the twelve apostles, this site within the fortress is a place of religious significance, though archaeological digging near it is currently prohibited.
Roman Theatre and Hippodrome Remains2nd century AD
Historical accounts mention a theatre and hippodrome in the ancient city of Apsarus, indicating its cultural importance in Roman times, though only archaeological remains remain today.
