Chungara Lake
Arica y Parinacota
Chungará Lake is a remarkable high-altitude lake located in the northernmost region of Chile, within Lauca National Park. Situated at an elevation of 4,517 meters (14,820 feet), it ranks among the world's highest lakes and is the second largest in the Altiplano after Lake Titicaca. The lake covers an area between 21.5 and 22.5 square kilometers and reaches depths of up to 40 meters. It was formed between 8,000 and 17,000 years ago when the Parinacota volcano collapsed, damming the Lauca River and creating the basin. Surrounded by majestic snow-capped volcanoes such as Parinacota, Ajoya, and Guallatiri, the lake features steep shores on its northern and western sides and gentler alluvial plains to the south and east. Chungará is fed primarily by the Río Chungará and minor inflows, with evaporation being the main water loss. The lake supports a unique ecosystem with over 130 native species, including flamingos and ducks, making it a vital biodiversity hotspot. Visitors can reach the lake via Chile Route 11, which skirts its southern and western shores, and enjoy the nearby Cotacotani lagoons and bofedales. The lake's waters are protected from diversion following a Chilean Supreme Court decision, preserving its ecological integrity.
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Tip: The best time to visit Chungará Lake is during the southern hemisphere summer months when temperatures are milder and water temperatures peak around 13.5°C. Visitors should consider booking tours from Arica or driving via Route 11 for easier access. It is advisable to check weather conditions and bring warm clothing due to the high altitude and potential cold temperatures. Entrance is included within Lauca National Park, and visitors should respect conservation guidelines. Advance ticket purchase for park access and guided tours can enhance the experience and may offer discounts for students or seniors.
Interesting facts
- •Chungará Lake is one of the highest lakes in the world at 4,517 meters above sea level.
- •It is the second largest lake in the Altiplano after Lake Titicaca.
- •The lake was formed by a volcanic collapse of Parinacota volcano that dammed the Lauca River.
- •The lake supports over 130 native species, including flamingos and ducks.
- •Water levels have generally increased over the lake's history, with current levels being the highest recorded.
History
Chungará Lake formed between 8,000 and 17,000 years ago following the collapse of the Parinacota volcano, which dammed the Lauca River and created the lake basin.
Over time, the lake's depth and surface area increased due to reduced seepage.
Historically, the lake's waters were considered for diversion to the Azapa Valley, but this plan was halted by the Chilean Supreme Court to protect the lake's ecosystem.
The area has long been inhabited by indigenous Aymara communities, who have contributed to the lake's cultural significance and name origins.
The lake and surrounding region have been recognized as part of Lauca National Park, a protected area with ecological and geological importance.
Place Guide
Parinacota Volcano ShorelineHolocene
The northern shore of Chungará Lake is formed by lava flows from the Parinacota volcano, offering dramatic volcanic landscapes and geological interest.
Cotacotani Lagoons
Located about 4 kilometers northwest of Chungará Lake, these lagoons are hydrologically connected and part of the same basin, providing additional scenic and ecological interest.
Lauca National ParkEstablished 1970
Chungará Lake lies within this protected national park, which preserves the unique high-altitude ecosystem and offers facilities like a CONAF refuge near the lake's western shore.