São Vicente Caves
Região Autónoma da Madeira
The São Vicente Caves, located in the parish and municipality of São Vicente on Madeira Island, Portugal, are remarkable volcanic lava tubes formed approximately 890,000 years ago during a volcanic eruption in Paul da Serra. As lava flowed down towards the sea, the exterior cooled rapidly while the interior remained molten, creating hollow tubes now known as the caves. These caves were first discovered in 1885 by local inhabitants who informed James Yate Johnson, an English naturalist residing in Madeira. Johnson explored and officially documented the caves, which later opened to the public on October 1, 1996, becoming one of Portugal's first volcanic caves accessible to visitors. The caves showcase fascinating geological formations that illustrate volcanic activity and the island's natural history. Unfortunately, the caves have been closed since March 2020 due to safety concerns related to potential collapses. The site also includes a volcanism center that educates visitors about Madeira's volcanic origins. The São Vicente Caves remain a significant natural feature and a testament to the island's dramatic geological past.
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Tip: Visitors are advised to check the current status before planning a visit as the caves have been closed since March 2020 due to safety risks. The best time to visit is during Madeira's mild weather seasons for comfortable travel around the area. Purchasing tickets in advance is recommended when the caves are open to avoid queues. Discounts may be available for groups, seniors, and children. Guided tours provide insightful explanations about the volcanic formations and natural history.
Interesting facts
- •The caves were formed nearly 900,000 years ago from a volcanic eruption on Madeira.
- •They are among the first volcanic caves opened to the public in Portugal in 1996.
- •Discovered by locals in 1885 and explored by English naturalist James Yate Johnson.
- •The caves are lava tubes formed by flowing molten lava cooling and solidifying.
- •Currently closed since March 2020 due to safety concerns.
History
The São Vicente Caves were formed about 890,000 years ago from a volcanic eruption originating in Paul da Serra, Madeira.
The lava flow solidified on the outside while the inner lava continued to flow, creating the lava tubes that form the caves.
They were first discovered in 1885 by locals who informed English naturalist James Yate Johnson, who formally explored and documented the caves.
The caves opened to the public on October 1, 1996, as one of the first volcanic caves accessible in Portugal.
Since March 2020, the caves have been closed due to risks of structural collapse.
Place Guide
Main Lava Tubes~890,000 years ago
The primary feature of the caves, these extensive lava tubes demonstrate the volcanic processes that shaped Madeira. Visitors can observe the unique formations created by flowing lava and gas bubbles.
Volcanism Interpretation CenterOpened with the caves in 1996
An educational facility adjacent to the caves that offers information about the volcanic origins of Madeira and the geological history of the islands. It provides interactive exhibits and guided explanations.
