Petra
Ma‘ān
Petra, located in southern Jordan, is an ancient city renowned for its remarkable rock-cut architecture and sophisticated water conduit systems. Known as the 'Rose City' due to the distinctive color of its sandstone cliffs, Petra was originally called Raqmu by its Nabataean inhabitants. The Nabataeans, a nomadic Arab tribe, established Petra as their capital in the 4th century BC, transforming it into a vital trading hub on the incense routes. The city flourished particularly in the 1st century AD, reaching a population of around 20,000 and witnessing the construction of iconic monuments like Al-Khazneh, believed to be a royal mausoleum. Conquered by the Romans in 106 AD, Petra's prominence waned as maritime trade routes grew and an earthquake in 363 AD caused significant destruction. During the Byzantine period, Christian churches were built, but the city gradually declined and was largely abandoned by the early Islamic era. Rediscovered in 1812 by Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt, Petra is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the New Seven Wonders of the World, symbolizing Jordan's rich cultural heritage and attracting close to a million tourists annually.
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Tip: The best time to visit Petra is during the cooler months from March to May and September to November to avoid the intense desert heat. Visitors are advised to purchase tickets in advance, especially during peak tourist seasons, to ensure entry and access to guided tours. Discounts may be available for students, seniors, and groups. Wear comfortable walking shoes as exploring Petra involves significant walking and climbing. Early morning or late afternoon visits offer softer light for photography and fewer crowds.
Interesting facts
- •Petra is carved entirely into vibrant red, pink, and sandstone cliffs, giving it the nickname 'Rose City'.
- •The Al-Khazneh (The Treasury) is one of Petra's most famous monuments and is believed to have been a mausoleum for Nabataean King Aretas IV.
- •Petra was a vital hub on the ancient incense trade routes, connecting Arabia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean.
- •The city’s sophisticated water management system allowed it to thrive in the arid desert environment.
- •Petra was unknown to the Western world until its rediscovery by Johann Ludwig Burckhardt in 1812.
History
The Petra region has been inhabited since at least 7000 BC, with early Neolithic settlements nearby.
During the Iron Age (1200–600 BC), the area was occupied by the Edomites, who utilized Petra's natural water reservoirs to support trade.
The Nabataeans, a northern Arabian tribe, emerged in the 4th century BC, establishing Petra as their capital and a major trading center.
The city thrived in the 1st century AD before falling under Roman control in 106 AD.
A devastating earthquake in 363 AD, along with the rise of sea trade routes, led to Petra's decline.
It was largely abandoned by the early Islamic period and remained unknown to the Western world until its rediscovery in 1812.
Place Guide
Al-Khazneh (The Treasury)1st century AD
This iconic façade carved into the sandstone cliff is believed to be the mausoleum of Nabataean King Aretas IV. It features elaborate Hellenistic architectural elements and is one of Petra’s most photographed landmarks.
The Siq
A narrow, winding gorge that serves as the main entrance to Petra. The Siq is about 1.2 kilometers long and is flanked by towering cliffs, providing a dramatic approach to the city’s monuments.
Royal Tombs1st century BC to 1st century AD
A series of large rock-cut tombs with elaborate facades, reflecting the wealth and artistry of the Nabataean elite.
Great Temple1st century AD
A vast archaeological complex believed to have been a religious and administrative center for the Nabataeans, featuring large columns and intricate stonework.
Byzantine Churches4th to 6th centuries AD
Several churches built during the Byzantine era within Petra, showcasing early Christian architecture and mosaics.
Contact
Phone: (03) 215 6044
