Ásbyrgi Canyon
Norðurland eystra
Ásbyrgi Canyon, located in the northeastern region of Iceland within Vatnajökull National Park, is one of the country's most remarkable natural wonders. This horseshoe-shaped canyon stretches approximately 3.5 km in length and about 1.1 km wide at its mouth, maintaining a similar width for several kilometers inward. A prominent basalt cliff known as Eyjan divides the canyon into two parts. The canyon walls rise impressively between 90 to 100 meters, with lower elevations near the entrance increasing further inside. The area supports diverse wildlife including forest thrushes, meadow pipits, and a dense population of Arctic terns nesting in the cliffs since the 1970s. The sheltered environment fosters a rich insect life, including various species of flies and wasps. Geologically, Ásbyrgi was formed by catastrophic glacial floods from the Jökulsá á Fjöllum river around 8,000 to 10,000 years ago, with subsequent floods occurring approximately 3,000 years ago. The basalt cliffs originate from lava flows dating back 11,000 to 12,000 years from the nearby Stóravíti crater. Today, visitors can explore well-marked trails featuring informational signs about the local flora and fauna. Guided hikes are available during summer, and a visitor center provides further insights. Ásbyrgi’s unique combination of geological history, dramatic landscapes, and thriving ecosystems makes it a must-visit destination for nature lovers and hikers alike.
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Tip: The best time to visit Ásbyrgi is during the summer months when hiking trails are accessible and guided tours operate. It is advisable to check availability and book guided walks in advance through the Vatnajökull National Park visitor center at Gljúfrastofa. Visitors should wear sturdy footwear due to varied terrain and be prepared for rapidly changing weather conditions. There are informative signs along the trails about local plants and birdlife. No specific ticket is required, but park entrance regulations apply. Discounts may be available for organized tours or groups.
Interesting facts
- •Ásbyrgi Canyon is part of Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland's largest national park.
- •The canyon walls are composed of basalt lava from the Stóravíti crater, one of the largest lava shields in Iceland.
- •Arctic terns began nesting in the canyon cliffs in the 1970s, establishing a dense breeding colony.
- •The canyon is divided by a large basalt cliff called Eyjan, about 250 meters wide.
- •Local folklore attributes the canyon’s shape to the footprint of Sleipnir, Odin’s eight-legged horse.
History
Ásbyrgi Canyon was formed primarily by massive glacial floods from the Jökulsá á Fjöllum river approximately 8,000 to 10,000 years ago, with additional floods around 3,000 years ago.
These floods carved the canyon through basaltic lava flows from the Stóravíti crater, which erupted 11,000 to 12,000 years ago shortly after the last Ice Age.
Over time, the river returned to its original course east of the canyon.
The area has been inhabited and appreciated for centuries, with poet Einar Benediktsson once residing nearby and composing notable works inspired by the landscape.
Place Guide
Eyjan Cliff11,000-12,000 years ago
A massive basalt cliff approximately 250 meters wide that splits Ásbyrgi Canyon into two halves. It stands prominently within the canyon and offers unique geological features.
Walking Trails
A network of marked hiking paths throughout the canyon with informational signs about the local flora and fauna, suitable for various skill levels.
Gljúfrastofa Visitor Center
The main visitor center for Vatnajökull National Park located near the entrance to Ásbyrgi, providing maps, information, and guided tour bookings.
