Ipolytarnóc Fossils Nature Reserve
Nógrád
The Ipolytarnóc Fossils Nature Reserve, located near the village of Ipolytarnóc in Nógrád County, Hungary, is a globally significant paleontological site often referred to as the "prehistoric Pompeii." This 510-hectare protected area showcases fossils preserved by a volcanic disaster approximately 20 million years ago. Scientific study of the site began in 1836, and it has been protected since 1944. The reserve features an extensive collection of fossilized footprints of various prehistoric animals, petrified trees including the world's largest known petrified pine (Pinuxylon tarnocziense), and numerous leaf imprints from a once subtropical rainforest environment. Visitors can explore several thematic trails such as the Geological Trail, which highlights key fossil finds including shark-toothed sandstone layers, petrified wood, and animal footprints. The volcanic tufa that buried the area preserved the flora and fauna in remarkable detail, offering a unique window into Miocene-era ecosystems. The reserve is managed by the Bükk National Park Directorate and has received the prestigious Europa Nostra Diploma recognizing its outstanding scientific and natural value. It is also part of the Novohrad–Nógrád Geopark, the world's first cross-border geopark. This site is a popular geotourism destination, combining scientific importance with engaging educational exhibits and well-maintained walking paths.
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Tip: The best time to visit Ipolytarnóc is during the warmer months when all trails are accessible. Visitors are advised to purchase tickets in advance, especially during peak tourist seasons, to ensure entry. The nature reserve offers multilingual information and guided tours that enhance the understanding of its paleontological treasures. Discounts may be available for students, seniors, and groups. Comfortable walking shoes are recommended due to the natural terrain and length of the trails. Check the official website or contact the visitor center beforehand for updated opening hours and special events.
Interesting facts
- •The site is often called the "prehistoric Pompeii" due to the volcanic catastrophe that preserved its fossils in situ.
- •It contains the world's largest known petrified pine tree, Pinuxylon tarnocziense, with a trunk circumference of 8 meters and length nearly 100 meters.
- •Over 3,000 fossilized footprints of 11 vertebrate species have been documented, including ancient rhinoceroses, deer-like animals, predators, and birds.
- •The shark-toothed sandstone layer contains remains of 25 shark species, as well as rays, dolphins, sea cows, and crocodiles.
- •More than 15,000 leaf imprints have been found, representing ferns, palms, laurels, magnolias, and plane trees from the Miocene rainforest environment.
History
Scientific research at Ipolytarnóc began in 1836 with the work of Ferenc Kubinyi, marking the start of systematic paleontological study.
The site was officially protected in 1944 to preserve its unique fossil heritage.
In 1995, the reserve was awarded the Europa Nostra Diploma by the Council of Europe, recognizing its exceptional scientific and natural values.
In 2008, it became part of the Novohrad–Nógrád Geopark, the first international geopark spanning Hungary and Slovakia.
The volcanic catastrophe that preserved the fossils occurred approximately 20 million years ago during the Miocene epoch, burying a subtropical ecosystem in volcanic ash and tufa.
Place Guide
Geological Trail
A 700-meter trail presenting the geological history of the area with rock samples and interpretive signs illustrating 2 million years of Earth's history, including the shark-toothed sandstone layer.
Footprint Sandstone Exhibit
An exhibit hall showcasing the fossilized footprints of various prehistoric animals preserved in sandstone over 2,000 square meters, including rhinoceroses, deer relatives, predators, and birds.
Petrified Forest Area
Site featuring the world's largest known petrified pine tree, preserved by silicic acid from volcanic tufa, with a circumference of 8 meters and length close to 100 meters.
Leaf Imprint Collection
An area rich in over 15,000 fossil leaf imprints from ferns, palms, laurels, magnolias, and plane trees, representing the ancient subtropical rainforest flora.
Contact
Phone: (06 32) 454 113
