Colosseum
Lazio
The Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, is an elliptical amphitheatre located in the heart of Rome, Italy, just east of the Roman Forum. Construction began under Emperor Vespasian around AD 72 and was completed in AD 80 by his successor Titus, with further modifications under Domitian. It is built from travertine limestone, tuff, and Roman concrete, and could hold between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators. The Colosseum hosted gladiatorial combats, animal hunts, executions, reenactments of famous battles, dramas based on Roman mythology, and even mock naval battles. Though it ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval period, it was later repurposed for housing, workshops, a fortress, and a Christian shrine. Despite damage from earthquakes and stone robbers, the Colosseum remains a world-renowned symbol of ancient Rome and is one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. It is a major tourist attraction and holds cultural significance, including the annual Good Friday torchlit Way of the Cross procession led by the Pope. The name "Colosseum" likely originates from a colossal statue of Nero that once stood nearby. The amphitheatre's architecture exemplifies Roman engineering with its complex system of arches and vaults, and its elliptical design spans approximately 527 meters in perimeter with an arena measuring 86 by 54 meters.
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Tip: To avoid long queues, it is advisable to purchase tickets online in advance. The best time to visit is early morning or late afternoon to avoid crowds and enjoy softer lighting for photography. Discounts are often available for students, seniors, and EU citizens. Guided tours provide deeper insight into the history and architecture. Visiting on Good Friday offers a unique cultural experience with the Pope's Way of the Cross procession. Comfortable footwear is recommended due to uneven ancient surfaces and extensive walking.
Interesting facts
- •The Colosseum could hold an estimated 50,000 to 80,000 spectators, with an average capacity around 65,000.
- •It hosted a variety of events including gladiatorial contests, animal hunts, executions, and mock naval battles called naumachiae.
- •The amphitheatre was constructed using Roman concrete, travertine limestone, and volcanic tuff, demonstrating advanced Roman engineering.
- •The name 'Colosseum' derives from a colossal statue of Emperor Nero that once stood nearby, known as the Colossus of Nero.
- •Despite severe damage from earthquakes and stone robbers, the Colosseum remains a symbol of Imperial Rome and is depicted on the Italian 5 euro cent coin.
- •Each Good Friday, the Pope leads a torchlit Way of the Cross procession starting near the Colosseum.
History
Construction of the Colosseum began between 70 and 72 AD under Emperor Vespasian of the Flavian dynasty, funded by spoils from the sack of Jerusalem.
It was inaugurated in 80 AD by Titus, Vespasian's son, with further enhancements under Emperor Domitian around 90 AD.
Originally built on the site of an artificial lake in Nero's Domus Aurea, the Colosseum symbolized imperial power and public entertainment.
Over centuries, it suffered damage from earthquakes and stone robbers but was repurposed for various uses including housing and religious functions.
By the medieval period, its name "Colosseum" had become common, derived from a nearby colossal statue of Nero.
In 1980, it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of Rome's historic center, and in 2007 it was named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
Place Guide
The Arena80 AD
The central area where gladiatorial combats and public spectacles took place. It measures 86 by 54 meters and was originally covered with sand to absorb blood.
HypogeumLate 1st century AD
The two-level underground network beneath the arena floor used to house animals, gladiators, and stage machinery for dramatic effects.
Outer Façade72–80 AD
The iconic exterior with three tiers of arches supported by engaged columns in Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders, topped by a podium.
Seating Areas (Cavea)80 AD
Tiered seating arranged to reflect Roman social hierarchy, accommodating tens of thousands of spectators.
Entrance and Passageways80 AD
Numerous entrances and passageways allowed efficient crowd movement, enabling the amphitheatre to be filled or emptied quickly.
Contact
Phone: 06 2111 5843
