Varanasi Ghats
North India Region
Varanasi Ghats are a collection of 84 riverfront steps leading down to the banks of the sacred Ganges river in the ancient city of Varanasi, North India. These ghats serve multiple purposes, including ceremonial bathing, religious puja rituals, and cremation, with Manikarnika and Harishchandra ghats dedicated exclusively to cremation. Most of the ghats were rebuilt in the 18th century under the patronage of Maratha rulers and local Maharajas, reflecting rich architectural and cultural heritage. The ghats are deeply intertwined with Hindu mythology and local legends, making them not only religious hubs but also centers of cultural storytelling. Among the most prominent ghats are Assi Ghat, known for its connection to the goddess Durga and the poet Tulsidas; Dashashwamedh Ghat, famous for its evening aarti ceremonies dedicated to Shiva and other deities; and Manikarnika Ghat, a revered cremation site with mythological significance involving Lord Vishnu and Shiva's earrings. Visitors often enjoy morning boat rides along the ghats, experiencing the vibrant life and spiritual ambiance of Varanasi. The ghats also serve as social and religious gathering places, hosting festivals and rituals that have been practiced for centuries, offering an unparalleled glimpse into Hindu traditions and the city’s enduring sacredness.
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Tip: Visit early in the morning for serene boat rides and to witness daily rituals at the ghats. Evening aarti ceremonies at Dashashwamedh Ghat are highly recommended for their vibrant spiritual atmosphere. Purchasing tickets for boat rides in advance can ensure availability. Wear modest clothing and be respectful of religious customs, especially at cremation ghats. The best time to visit is during cooler months from October to March to avoid the intense summer heat. Some ghats, like Raj Ghat, are more accessible for visitors with mobility challenges.
Interesting facts
- •Varanasi has 84 ghats along the Ganges river, each with its own unique function and history.
- •Manikarnika Ghat is one of the oldest and most sacred cremation sites in Hinduism.
- •Assi Ghat is linked to the goddess Durga's victory over demons and the completion of the epic Ramcharitmanas by poet Tulsidas.
- •Dashashwamedh Ghat hosts a famous daily evening aarti ceremony dedicated to Shiva and other deities.
- •Scindia Ghat was built by Maharani Baizabai Scindia and is associated with the birth of Agni, the Hindu god of fire.
History
The ghats of Varanasi were primarily rebuilt in the 18th century under the patronage of Maratha rulers and local Maharajas such as the Scindias, Holkars, Bhonsles, and Peshwas.
Historically, these ghats have served as vital religious and social centers for centuries, with many linked to ancient Hindu legends and Puranic texts.
Over time, the ghats evolved from simple embankments to elaborate stone steps facilitating bathing, worship, and cremation rituals.
The city’s sacred identity is closely tied to these ghats, which have witnessed continuous religious activity and cultural development through the ages.
Place Guide
Assi Ghat18th century (rebuilt)
Located at the southern boundary of Varanasi, Assi Ghat is famous for its religious significance and proximity to Banaras Hindu University. It is associated with the goddess Durga and the poet Tulsidas, who completed the Ramcharitmanas here. The ghat is a lively spot with wide streets and regular cultural events.
Dashashwamedh Ghat18th century (rebuilt)
The most popular ghat situated near Vishwanath Temple, known for its spectacular evening aarti ceremonies honoring Shiva, Ganga, and other deities. According to legend, Brahma performed ten Ashwamedha sacrifices here, giving the ghat its name.
Manikarnika GhatAncient origins, rebuilt 18th century
One of the most sacred cremation ghats, Manikarnika is steeped in mythology involving Lord Vishnu and Shiva's earrings. It is believed that cremation here grants moksha (liberation) to souls. The ghat is constantly active with funeral rites and rituals.
Raj Ghat18th century (rebuilt)
Located near Kashi railway station, Raj Ghat is renowned for Pind Daan and asthi-visarjan ceremonies. It hosts the famous Ravidas temple and is accessible with parking and facilities for disabled visitors.
Scindia GhatCirca mid-19th century
Built by Maharani Baizabai Scindia about 150 years ago, this ghat borders Manikarnika and features a Shiva temple partially submerged due to the ghat's weight. It is linked to the birth of Agni, the Hindu god of fire, and is surrounded by important shrines in the Siddha Kshetra area.
