Marienplatz
Bayern
Marienplatz is the central square in Munich's old town, serving as the city's historic and cultural heart since its founding in 1158. Positioned at the crossroads of Munich's main east-west and north-south axes, it has been a pivotal marketplace and gathering spot for centuries. Originally known as the Marktplatz, it hosted markets for grain, eggs, wine, and fish, and was also the site of public executions, knight tournaments, and imperial receptions. The square was transformed over time, notably in 1481 when buildings and a chapel were removed to create a rectangular open space. In 1638, the Mariensäule (Mary's Column) was erected as a symbol of gratitude for the city's preservation during the Thirty Years' War, becoming a Munich landmark. The New Town Hall, constructed between 1867 and 1909 in a neo-Gothic style by Georg von Hauberrisser, dominates the northern side, replacing older buildings and reshaping the square's character. Though heavily damaged in World War II, Marienplatz was restored and remains a vibrant pedestrian zone, surrounded by historic buildings, shops, and restaurants. It continues to be Munich's urban center, hosting events and drawing visitors to experience its rich history and lively atmosphere.
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Tip: Visit Marienplatz during the late morning or early afternoon to enjoy the lively market atmosphere and watch the Glockenspiel performance at the New Town Hall, which occurs daily at 11 a.m. and 12 p.m., and additionally at 5 p.m. in summer. Purchase tickets for guided walking tours of Munich's old town in advance to gain deeper insights. The square is pedestrian-friendly and well connected by public transport. Discounts may be available for group tours and city passes that include multiple attractions.
Interesting facts
- •Marienplatz was once the site of public executions and knight tournaments during medieval times.
- •The Mariensäule was originally controversial because it symbolized ducal authority over the city, conflicting with the city's market rights.
- •The New Town Hall's Glockenspiel chimes and reenacts stories from the 16th century with life-sized figures.
- •Marienplatz was renamed from Schrannenplatz in 1854 to honor the Virgin Mary and to seek protection during a cholera epidemic.
- •The square is approximately 100 meters long and 50 meters wide, making it a spacious urban plaza in Munich's old town.
History
Marienplatz has been Munich's central square since the city's founding by Henry the Lion in 1158.
Initially called Marktplatz, it functioned as a major market area and social hub, with markets for grain, fish, and other goods.
In 1315, Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian granted Munich market rights, stipulating the square remain free of buildings, preserving its open character.
The Mariensäule was erected in 1638 as a religious and political symbol.
The New Town Hall was built from 1867 to 1909, replacing several older buildings and marking a significant architectural transformation.
The square suffered heavy damage during World War II but was restored in the post-war period, maintaining its role as Munich's focal point.
Place Guide
New Town Hall (Neues Rathaus)1867-1909
A striking neo-Gothic building constructed between 1867 and 1909 by architect Georg von Hauberrisser. It features the famous Glockenspiel, which performs daily with life-sized figures reenacting historical events from the 16th century. The building houses Munich's city government and offers a tower with panoramic views over the square and city.
Mariensäule (Mary's Column)1638
Erected in 1638 by Elector Maximilian I as a religious monument thanking for the city's preservation during the Thirty Years' War. It features a golden statue of the Virgin Mary atop a tall column in the center of Marienplatz, surrounded by four putti representing city protectors.
Old Town Hall (Altes Rathaus)15th century
Located on the eastern side of Marienplatz, this historic building dates back to the 15th century and was the city's administrative center before the New Town Hall was built. It features a Gothic tower and houses a toy museum today.
