Chapada Diamantina National Park
Bahia
Chapada Diamantina National Park, located in the Chapada Diamantina region of Bahia, Brazil, spans over 152,000 hectares of rugged terrain within the Caatinga biome. Established in 1985 and managed by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, the park features a dramatic plateau characterized by cliffs and peaks ranging from 500 to over 2,000 meters in altitude, including the highest point in Bahia, Pico do Barbado at 2,036 meters. The region’s unique geography forms a watershed dividing the São Francisco River basin from others like the Paraguaçu River. The park's landscape is marked by diverse vegetation zones, from xerophytic Caatinga formations to Atlantic Forest along waterways, alongside meadows and rocky fields at higher elevations. It is home to several endemic plant species such as orchids and the hooded visorbearer hummingbird, alongside a variety of small mammals, reptiles, and birds. Chapada Diamantina is also noted for its extensive cave systems and numerous waterfalls, including the famous Cachoeira da Fumaça. The park balances conservation with eco-tourism, supporting scientific research, environmental education, and outdoor recreation while protecting threatened species like jaguars, cougars, and giant armadillos. Its rich natural beauty and ecological significance make it a prime destination for nature lovers and adventure seekers alike.
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Tip: The best time to visit Chapada Diamantina is during the dry season (May to September) for easier hiking and better access to waterfalls and caves. Popular trails like the Vale do Pati and Cachoeira da Fumaça attract many visitors, so consider booking guided tours or permits in advance where required. Visitors should prepare for rugged terrain and variable weather, and be mindful of conservation rules to protect the park’s biodiversity. Discounts may be available for students or groups, and it is advisable to check with the Chico Mendes Institute for updated visitor information and regulations.
Interesting facts
- •The park contains the highest peak in Bahia, Pico do Barbado, at 2,036 meters.
- •It features extensive cave systems, including Gruta da Lapa Doce, which stretches for 24 kilometers.
- •Both gold and diamonds were historically found in the region, giving the park its name.
- •The hooded visorbearer hummingbird (Augastes lumachellus) is an endemic species found only within the park.
- •Chapada Diamantina acts as a watershed dividing major river basins, including the São Francisco and Paraguaçu Rivers.
History
Chapada Diamantina National Park was officially established on September 17, 1985, through a federal decree to protect the unique ecosystems of the Chapada Diamantina plateau in central Bahia.
Historically, the area was known for diamond and gold mining activities, which influenced local settlement and land use.
Over time, conservation efforts have shifted the focus from resource extraction to preserving the park’s ecological and scenic values.
The park is now managed by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, aiming to balance environmental protection with sustainable tourism and scientific research.
Place Guide
Pico do Barbado
The highest peak in Bahia, standing at 2,036 meters, offering panoramic views of the park’s rugged landscape and diverse ecosystems. It is a popular but challenging hike for experienced visitors.
Gruta da Lapa Doce
An extensive cave system stretching 24 kilometers, known for its geological formations and subterranean biodiversity. It is one of the largest caves in Brazil and a highlight for spelunking enthusiasts.
Cachoeira da Fumaça
One of Brazil’s tallest waterfalls, renowned for its dramatic 340-meter drop and misty spray that resembles smoke, accessible via a popular hiking trail.
Vale do Pati Trail
A scenic trekking route through valleys, waterfalls, and traditional villages, offering immersive experiences of the park’s natural beauty and cultural heritage.
