Itchan Kala
Xorazm
Itchan Kala is the fortified inner town of Khiva, located in the Khorazm Region of Uzbekistan. Enclosed by brick walls dating back to the late 17th century, the site represents a remarkably preserved example of Central Asian Islamic architecture. The walls, approximately 10 meters high, encircle a historic urban area with over 50 monuments and 250 traditional houses, mostly from the 18th and 19th centuries. Notable landmarks include the Djuma Mosque, originally founded in the 10th century and rebuilt in the late 18th century, which features a hypostyle hall supported by 112 ancient columns. Itchan Kala was the first site in Uzbekistan and Central Asia to be inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1991, reflecting its cultural and historical significance. The site served as the political and cultural center of the Khanate of Khiva, a crucial hub along Silk Road trade routes. Its architecture and urban layout provide insight into the region's history, blending influences from Persian, Turkic, and Islamic traditions. Visitors can explore the labyrinthine streets, ancient mosques, madrasahs, palaces, and caravanserais, experiencing a living museum of Central Asian heritage.
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Tip: The best time to visit Itchan Kala is during the spring and autumn months when the weather is mild. It is advisable to purchase tickets in advance, especially during peak tourist seasons, to avoid long queues. Visitors should wear comfortable walking shoes to explore the cobbled streets and bring sun protection. Guided tours are recommended to fully appreciate the historical and architectural significance of the monuments. Discounts may be available for students and groups. Check the official Khiva Museum website for updated opening hours and ticket information.
Interesting facts
- •Itchan Kala was the first site in Uzbekistan and Central Asia to be inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1991.
- •The Djuma Mosque within Itchan Kala features a hypostyle hall supported by 112 ancient wooden columns, some of which are believed to have been repurposed from earlier structures.
- •The large unfinished minaret known as Kalta Minor in Khiva was intended to be the tallest in Central Asia but was never completed due to the death of its patron, Mohammed Amin Khan.
- •Khiva was historically known as a major center of the slave trade in Central Asia during the 17th and 18th centuries.
- •The brick walls of Itchan Kala reach heights of up to 10 meters and have been standing since the late 1600s.
History
Archaeological evidence indicates that Khiva, including the area of Itchan Kala, has been inhabited for over 2,500 years.
The foundations of the city's walls date back to the 10th century, with the current brick fortifications constructed in the late 17th century.
Khiva became the capital of the Khanate of Khiva by the early 17th century and was a major center of trade and culture in Central Asia.
The city also played a significant role in the regional slave trade during the 17th and 18th centuries.
In 1873, Khiva became a Russian protectorate but retained its cultural identity.
Itchan Kala was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991, highlighting its importance as a historic urban center.
Place Guide
City Walls of Itchan Kalalate 17th century
The imposing brick walls surrounding Itchan Kala, dating from the late 17th century, stand about 10 meters tall and feature crenellations and gates that once protected the city. These walls mark the boundary of the historic inner town and showcase traditional Central Asian fortification architecture.
Djuma Mosque10th century (origins), rebuilt 1788–89
A significant religious monument originally established in the 10th century and rebuilt in 1788–89. It is renowned for its hypostyle hall supported by 112 ancient wooden columns, some believed to be repurposed from older buildings, reflecting the mosque's deep historical roots.
Kalta Minor Minaret1851 (construction started)
An iconic, large blue minaret in Khiva's central square, started in 1851 by Mohammed Amin Khan but left unfinished after his death. Though incomplete, it remains a striking landmark symbolizing Khiva's architectural heritage.
Contact
Phone: 62 377 63 40