Capelinhos Volcano
Região Autónoma dos Açores
Capelinhos Volcano, also known as Mistério dos Capelinhos, is situated on the western tip of Faial Island in the Azores archipelago. It emerged from a volcanic eruption that lasted 13 months between September 1957 and October 1958, dramatically altering the island's landscape by adding approximately 2.4 square kilometers of new land. The eruption began as a submarine event, characterized by ash and steam emissions, before transitioning to a subaerial phase with explosive activity and lava flows. This volcano is a globally recognized landmark in volcanology due to its well-documented eruption, which occurred near inhabited areas equipped with infrastructure such as roads and a lighthouse. The site features about 20 scoria cones aligned along a volcanic-tectonic fissure, contributing to its geomorphological uniqueness. Today, the area is protected as a natural monument and forms part of the Azores Geopark and the Natura 2000 network, highlighting its geological and biological importance. Visitors can explore the Capelinhos Lighthouse and the Interpretation Center, which provide educational insights into the eruption and volcanic processes. The eruption also had significant social impacts, leading to emigration waves supported by international aid, notably from the United States. Capelinhos Volcano remains a captivating destination for those interested in geology, natural history, and the dynamic forces shaping island landscapes.
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Astuce: The best time to visit the Capelinhos Volcano is during the spring and summer months when weather conditions are mild and more favorable for outdoor exploration. Visitors are encouraged to purchase tickets for the Interpretation Center in advance to avoid queues. Discounts may be available for students, seniors, and groups. Comfortable walking shoes and weather-appropriate clothing are recommended due to rugged terrain and exposure to coastal winds. Guided tours can enhance understanding of the volcanic features and history. Check opening hours ahead as they may vary seasonally.
Faits intéressants
- •The Capelinhos eruption lasted 13 months, from September 1957 to October 1958.
- •The eruption added approximately 2.4 square kilometers of new land to Faial Island.
- •It is one of the few volcanic eruptions to be extensively observed and documented from start to finish in modern times.
- •The eruption led to a significant emigration wave from Faial Island to the United States, supported by the Azorean Refugee Act.
- •The volcanic alignment includes about 20 scoria cones along a WNW-ESE fissure.
- •The Capelinhos area is part of the Azores Geopark and Natura 2000 network, recognized for its geological and biological value.
Histoire
The Capelinhos Volcano eruption began on September 27, 1957, following a seismic crisis marked by over 200 tremors.
The eruption lasted 13 months, concluding on October 24, 1958.
Initially, the volcanic activity was submarine, producing ash and steam, before shifting to explosive subaerial phases with lava flows.
This event significantly expanded Faial Island's area by about 2.4 square kilometers, though erosion has since reduced this new landmass.
The eruption caused widespread destruction in local parishes but no human fatalities.
It also triggered a notable emigration wave, with many displaced residents relocating to the United States under special immigration provisions.
The scientific study of this eruption was pioneering, with extensive observation and documentation providing valuable insights into volcanic processes.
The site has since become a key reference in volcanology worldwide.
Guide du lieu
Capelinhos Lighthouse1903
A historic lighthouse near the volcano that was partially buried by volcanic ash during the eruption. It now serves as a museum and interpretation center offering detailed information about the eruption and local geology.
Interpretation Center of Capelinhos Volcano2008
An educational center established to document and explain the eruption's geological phenomena, volcanic history, and impact on the island's landscape and population. It houses exhibits, multimedia presentations, and scientific information.
Volcanic Cones and Lava Fields
Approximately 20 scoria cones and associated lava flows formed along a volcanic-tectonic fissure, illustrating the dynamic volcanic processes that created the new landmass at Capelinhos.
