Bulguksa
Gyeongsangbuk-do
Bulguksa is a historic Buddhist temple located on the slopes of Tohamsan mountain in Gyeongju, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. It serves as the head temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism and is celebrated for its outstanding collection of cultural treasures, including six designated National Treasures such as the iconic Dabotap and Seokgatap stone pagodas and the Blue Cloud Bridge (Cheongun-gyo). The temple complex exemplifies the golden age of Buddhist art during the Silla kingdom and is a masterpiece of ancient Korean architecture. Bulguksa's layout reflects Buddhist cosmology, with two main courts centered around the Daeungjeon (Hall of Great Enlightenment) and Geungnakjeon (Hall of Supreme Bliss). The temple features numerous halls, including the Hall of No Words (Museoljeon) and Avalokitesvara's Shrine (Gwaneumjeon), housing important Buddhist statues and relics. Despite suffering destruction during the Imjin wars, Bulguksa was meticulously restored in the 20th century, preserving its original stone structures. Its cultural significance is recognized globally, as it was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1995 alongside the nearby Seokguram Grotto. Today, Bulguksa remains a vibrant spiritual center and a symbol of Korea's rich Buddhist heritage, attracting visitors worldwide.
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Astuce: Visitors should plan their visit during spring or autumn to enjoy pleasant weather and scenic views. Entrance to Bulguksa has been free since May 2023, though parking fees apply. It is advisable to arrive early to avoid crowds and to fully explore the extensive temple grounds. Advance reservations are not typically required, but checking the official website for special events or closures is recommended. Modest dress and respectful behavior are expected within the temple precincts. Photography is allowed in most areas but may be restricted in certain halls.
Faits intéressants
- •Bulguksa houses six Korean National Treasures, including the famous Dabotap and Seokgatap pagodas.
- •The Blue Cloud Bridge (Cheongun-gyo) and White Cloud Bridge (Baegungyo) together form a stairway symbolizing the 34 steps to enlightenment.
- •A Dharani sutra printed on mulberry paper dating back to between 704 and 751 was discovered at Bulguksa, representing one of the oldest woodblock prints in the world.
- •Dabotap pagoda's intricate design is featured on the South Korean 10 won coin.
- •The temple's layout represents Buddhist cosmology, with separate areas symbolizing the terrestrial and celestial realms.
Histoire
Bulguksa was originally established in 528 by Queen Seondeok's mother during the Silla kingdom.
The temple underwent major reconstruction beginning in 751 under chief minister Kim Daeseong, who sought to honor his parents, culminating in completion in 774.
Over centuries, Bulguksa was renovated during the Goryeo and early Joseon dynasties but was largely destroyed during the Japanese invasions in the late 16th century.
Restoration efforts began in 1604 and continued intermittently until the 19th century.
In the 20th century, significant archaeological investigations and restorations were undertaken, notably between 1969 and 1973 under President Park Chung Hee, which restored Bulguksa to its present form while preserving its original stone pagodas and bridges.
Guide du lieu
Blue Cloud Bridge (Cheongun-gyo) and White Cloud Bridge (Baegungyo)8th century
These two stone bridges form a double stairway leading to the temple's entrance, symbolizing the 34 steps to enlightenment. The Blue Cloud Bridge is 6.3 meters long with 16 steps, while the White Cloud Bridge is 5.4 meters long with 18 steps. Historically, the bridges were part of a water-filled moat system requiring visitors to arrive by boat.
Dabotap Pagoda8th century
A highly ornate stone pagoda standing 10.4 meters tall, representing the Many Treasures Buddha from the Lotus Sutra. It contrasts with the simpler Seokgatap pagoda and is renowned for its intricate details and unique architectural style.
Seokgatap Pagoda8th century
A traditional Korean-style stone pagoda standing 8.2 meters tall, characterized by simple lines and minimal decoration. It symbolizes Shakyamuni Buddha and is over 13 centuries old.
Daeungjeon (Hall of Great Enlightenment)681 (original construction)
The main hall of Bulguksa, housing the statue of Shakyamuni Buddha. It is central to the temple complex and dates back to the 7th century, although it has been rebuilt multiple times.
Museoljeon (Hall of No Words)670
One of the oldest buildings in Bulguksa, believed to have been first constructed in 670. Named for the belief that Buddha's teachings transcend verbal explanation, it served as a lecture hall for Buddhist scriptures.
Gwaneumjeon (Avalokitesvara's Shrine)8th century (reconstructed 1973)
Situated at the highest point of the complex, this hall houses an image of Avalokitesvara, the Bodhisattva of Perfect Compassion. It was reconstructed in the 1970s after earlier damage.
Birojeon (Vairocana Buddha Hall)Unknown
This hall contains a gilt-bronze statue of Vairocana Buddha, designated as National Treasure No. 26. It is located below Gwaneumjeon within the temple grounds.
Geungnakjeon (Hall of Supreme Bliss)Unknown
Near the main compound, this hall enshrines a gilt-bronze Buddha statue designated as National Treasure No. 27. It represents the Pure Land or paradise in Buddhist belief.
Contact
Téléphone: 054-746-9913
