Phnom Bakheng
Siem Reab [Siĕmréab]
Phnom Bakheng is an ancient Hindu temple constructed in the late 9th century under King Yasovarman I, serving as the state temple of the new capital Yasodharapura. Dedicated to Shiva, the temple is designed as a pyramid with seven levels symbolizing the seven heavens, crowned by five sandstone sanctuaries arranged in a quincunx pattern. Originally surrounded by 108 smaller towers representing lunar cycles and cosmic elements, it is a symbolic representation of Mount Meru, the mythical home of Hindu gods. Over time, Phnom Bakheng was converted into a Buddhist site, featuring monumental Buddha statues, though many have been lost or eroded. Perched atop a 65-meter hill, it offers panoramic views of the Angkor Wat temple complex and the surrounding jungle, making it a popular spot for sunset viewing. Conservation efforts by the World Monuments Fund and APSARA have been ongoing since 2004 due to the site's vulnerability from heavy tourism. Phnom Bakheng's architectural and astronomical symbolism reflects the ancient Khmer cosmology, with its layout representing lunar phases, the 12-year Jupiter cycle, and the axis of the world. The temple also appears in popular culture, notably in the film Tomb Raider, highlighting its cultural significance beyond Cambodia.
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Astuce: The best time to visit Phnom Bakheng is late afternoon to catch the spectacular sunset views over Angkor Wat. Due to its popularity, visiting earlier in the day or during weekdays can help avoid crowds. Tickets for Angkor Archaeological Park, which include Phnom Bakheng, should be purchased in advance to ensure entry. Visitors should wear comfortable shoes for the steep climb and bring water. Note that the temple is heavily visited, so patience is advised, and conservation rules must be respected to preserve the monument.
Faits intéressants
- •Phnom Bakheng is one of three hilltop temples built during King Yasovarman's reign, alongside Phnom Krom and Phnom Bok.
- •The temple's 108 small towers symbolize the four lunar phases, each lasting 27 days, reflecting ancient Khmer astronomical knowledge.
- •Only 33 of the smaller towers can be seen from the center of any side, representing the 33 gods of Mount Meru.
- •Phnom Bakheng offers one of the most iconic sunset views of Angkor Wat, a feature that attracts thousands of visitors daily.
- •The temple was featured in the 2001 movie Tomb Raider, showcasing its cinematic appeal.
Histoire
Phnom Bakheng was constructed in the late 9th century by King Yasovarman I as the centerpiece of his new capital, Yasodharapura, marking a shift from the previous capital, Hariharalaya.
It predates the more famous Angkor Wat by over two centuries and was originally a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva.
Historical inscriptions link the temple to the consecration of a linga on the sacred mountain, emphasizing its religious importance.
Over centuries, Phnom Bakheng was transformed into a Buddhist temple, adding large Buddha statues that have since deteriorated.
Rediscovered in the 19th century, its significance was initially misunderstood until later archaeological research identified its true origins and symbolism.
Guide du lieu
Lower Terraces and 108 Towers9th century
Originally, Phnom Bakheng was surrounded by 108 small towers distributed across its seven levels, symbolizing lunar phases and cosmic cycles. Although most have collapsed, the remaining bases illustrate the temple's astronomical significance.
Upper Terrace and Five Main Sanctuaries9th century
The temple's summit features five sandstone sanctuaries arranged in a quincunx pattern, representing the five peaks of Mount Meru. These sanctuaries housed statues dedicated to Shiva and are central to the temple's religious symbolism.
Buddhist TransformationsPost 9th century (exact period unknown)
In later periods, Phnom Bakheng was converted into a Buddhist temple. Large Buddha statues, including a monumental Sitting Buddha and a Reclining Buddha carved in stone, were added, though many have been lost or weathered over time.
Panoramic Viewpoint
Phnom Bakheng's hilltop location offers panoramic views of the Angkor Wat complex, Tonlé Sap lake, and surrounding jungle. It is a favored spot for tourists to watch sunsets and appreciate the vastness of the Angkor archaeological park.
Contact
Téléphone: 063 765 577