Szent István Square (Esztergom)
Komárom-Esztergom
Szent István Square is the central square in Esztergom, Hungary, located in front of the Esztergom Basilica on the Várhegy hill. The square extends in an east-west direction and is divided into three parts by a large artificial ramp that also covers an extensive cellar system and the Sötétkapu tunnel beneath. The western end is dominated by the royal castle and the basilica, flanked north and south by classical-style canon houses built in 1828, designed by Pál Kühnel and constructed by János Packh. These six-story buildings, each with six staircases, form an impressive architectural ensemble. The eastern end features the historic small episcopal palace, which once housed the Balassa school. North of the basilica, an open-air altar marks the site of the church where Saint Stephen was crowned, built by Prince Géza. The square is also home to several important baroque statues, including those of Saint Stephen, Saint Ladislaus, Blessed Özséb, and Saint Kőrösi Márk, all restored in 2008. The square has seen various name changes over the centuries, reflecting its evolving role and the political changes in Hungary. It remains a focal point of religious, cultural, and educational significance, with parts of it now hosting educational institutions such as the Pázmány Péter Catholic University’s campus. The square’s blend of religious heritage, classicist architecture, and monumental sculptures makes it a unique and inspiring place to visit.
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Astuce: The best time to visit Szent István Square is during spring and early autumn when the weather is pleasant for walking and sightseeing. Visitors are advised to explore the square on foot to fully appreciate the architecture and sculptures. Purchasing tickets for the nearby Esztergom Basilica in advance is recommended during peak tourist seasons. The square is accessible year-round and offers free access, but guided tours can enhance the experience. Discounts may be available for students, seniors, and groups at nearby attractions. Comfortable footwear is advisable due to the square’s large size and the ramped terrain.
Faits intéressants
- •The square’s large ramp conceals an extensive cellar system and the Sötétkapu tunnel beneath it.
- •The canon houses flanking the square were designed in a classicist style and built in 1828 based on Pál Kühnel’s designs.
- •A monumental 12-meter high statue depicting the coronation of Saint Stephen by Miklós Melocco was unveiled in 2001 on the northern bastion of the castle.
- •The square’s baroque statues of Saint Stephen, Saint Ladislaus, Blessed Özséb, and Saint Kőrösi Márk date back to the late 18th century and were restored in 2008.
- •An open-air altar north of the basilica marks the site of the original church where Saint Stephen was crowned.
Histoire
Szent István Square was initially unnamed on maps from 1883 but was known as Káptalan Square by 1893.
Later, the square’s western end was called Basilica Square and the eastern end Káptalan Square.
In 1930, the western part was officially named Szent István Square, renamed Béke Square in 1950, and restored to Szent István Square after the political changes in Hungary around 1990.
The square’s architecture was envisioned as a unified ensemble by Archbishop Sándor Rudnay during the basilica’s construction, including plans for symmetrical buildings on both sides, which remained incomplete due to financial constraints.
The classical canon houses were built in 1828, fell into disrepair in the 20th century, and were renovated between 2003 and 2008 to house educational institutions.
The square’s sculptures, including a monumental statue of Saint Stephen by Miklós Melocco, were added and restored in the early 21st century, further enhancing its historical and cultural significance.
Guide du lieu
Esztergom Basilica19th century
The largest church in Hungary, dominating the western end of the square, renowned for its monumental architecture and religious significance.
Canon Houses (Kanonoksor)1828
Two rows of large classicist buildings north and south of the square, built in 1828, originally housing clergy and now serving educational purposes.
Small Episcopal Palace19th century or earlier
Located at the eastern end of the square, this historic building once hosted the Balassa school and remains a significant architectural landmark.
Szent István Statue1770-1771
A baroque statue from 1770-1771 depicting Saint Stephen with the Holy Crown, sceptre, and orb, situated at the southwestern end of the ramp.
Szent László Statue1770-1771
Opposite the Saint Stephen statue, showing King Ladislaus in noble attire with crown, sword, and halberd, also by József Hebenstreit.
Blessed Özséb Statue1780
A statue from 1780 representing the Esztergom canon in priestly robes holding a book, located at the northeastern corner of the ramp.
Szent Kőrösi Márk Statuecirca 1780
Baroque statue from around 1780 depicting the canon in priestly attire holding a palm branch, at the southeastern end of the ramp.