Philopappos Monument
Attikí
The Philopappos Monument is a significant ancient Roman mausoleum dedicated to Gaius Julius Antiochus Epiphanes Philopappos, a prince of the Kingdom of Commagene who became an esteemed Athenian citizen. Erected between 114 and 116 AD on what is now called Philopappou Hill, the monument overlooks the Acropolis and symbolizes Philopappos' high status in Athenian society. The two-story marble structure features a richly decorated north façade visible from the Acropolis, with a frieze depicting Philopappos as a consul in a chariot on the lower level and statues of notable ancestors on the upper level, including Antiochus IV and Philopappos himself. The monument also contains inscriptions in Greek and Latin that honor Philopappos’ heritage and titles, reflecting his political and religious roles in Athens and Rome. Although only two-thirds of the façade remains today and the burial chamber is mostly destroyed, the monument remains an important cultural and historical landmark. Excavations and conservation efforts in the late 19th and 20th centuries have helped preserve this testament to Philopappos’ legacy and the blending of Hellenistic and Roman influences in Athens.
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Astuce: Visit during the cooler morning hours or late afternoon to avoid midday heat and crowds. Tickets are often included in archaeological site passes covering nearby Acropolis areas. Purchasing combined tickets in advance can save time. The monument is accessible via a moderate uphill walk on Philopappou Hill, so wear comfortable shoes. Guided tours or audio guides can enrich your visit with historical context. Check official opening hours before visiting, as they may vary seasonally.
Faits intéressants
- •The monument commemorates a prince from the Kingdom of Commagene who became an Athenian citizen and Roman consul.
- •The site was originally believed to be the burial place of the ancient poet and seer Mousaios from the 6th century BC.
- •The monument’s upper statues included Antiochus IV and Seleucus I Nicator, founder of the Seleucid Empire, linking Philopappos’ lineage to notable Hellenistic rulers.
- •Parts of the monument were dismantled and reused in the construction of the Parthenon minaret during Ottoman rule.
- •The monument measures approximately 9.80 by 9.30 meters and is constructed of white Pentelic marble on a high base of porous marble veneered with Hymettian marble slabs.
Histoire
Philopappos died in 116 AD, and shortly thereafter, his sister Julia Balbilla and the citizens of Athens erected this monument on Mouseion Hill to honor him.
The site was historically significant as it was believed to be the burial place of the ancient poet and seer Mousaios.
Over the centuries, the monument remained intact until at least the mid-15th century, as recorded by traveler Cyriacus of Ancona.
However, parts of the monument were later dismantled, and some architectural elements were repurposed in Ottoman constructions such as the Parthenon's minaret.
Archaeological excavations in 1898, 1899, and 1940 have revealed and helped preserve the monument's remains.
Guide du lieu
North Façade114-116 AD
The richly decorated north side of the monument, visible from the Acropolis, features architectural details and inscriptions honoring Philopappos and his ancestors.
Lower Frieze114-116 AD
Depicts Philopappos as a consul riding a chariot led by lictors, symbolizing his political status in Rome.
Upper Statues114-116 AD
Originally featured statues of Antiochus IV (Philopappos' grandfather), Philopappos himself, and Seleucus I Nicator, founder of the Seleucid Empire; the statue of Seleucus is now lost.
Burial Chamber114-116 AD
Located behind the façade, it was the tomb of Philopappos, though now mostly destroyed except for the base.