Terracotta Army
Shaanxi Sheng
The Terracotta Army is a vast assemblage of terracotta sculptures representing the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, dating back to approximately 210–209 BCE. Discovered in 1974 near Xi'an, Shaanxi province, these figures include warriors, chariots, and horses, with over 8,000 soldiers estimated across three pits. The sculptures are uniquely detailed, varying in height according to rank, with generals being the tallest. Beyond the military figures, other terracotta statues such as officials, acrobats, strongmen, and musicians have been uncovered, revealing a comprehensive funerary art designed to protect and serve the emperor in the afterlife. The site is part of a much larger necropolis, which includes palaces, towers, and an imperial park, reflecting the emperor's imperial palace complex. A museum complex now protects the largest pit under a roofed structure, allowing visitors to explore this extraordinary archaeological treasure. The Terracotta Army not only exemplifies ancient Chinese craftsmanship but also offers profound insights into the Qin dynasty's military and cultural history.
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Astuce: Visitors are advised to book tickets in advance through the official website or WeChat platform due to the museum's real-name reservation policy. The best time to visit is during the spring and autumn seasons when weather conditions are favorable. The museum offers free shuttle buses between the main Terracotta Army pits and the adjacent archaeological park, facilitating easy exploration. Discounted or free entry is available for certain groups, including policy-exempt visitors. Arriving early in the day helps avoid peak crowds and enhances the overall experience.
Faits intéressants
- •The Terracotta Army consists of more than 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses, and 150 cavalry horses.
- •The figures vary in height according to their military rank, with generals being the tallest.
- •The mausoleum includes simulated rivers of mercury, as described in ancient texts and confirmed by soil analysis.
- •The site covers an area of approximately 98 square kilometers, representing a vast necropolis.
- •The Terracotta Army was discovered by local farmers in 1974 while digging a well.
Histoire
Construction of the mausoleum began in 246 BCE shortly after Qin Shi Huang became king at age 13, involving an estimated 700,000 conscripted workers.
The necropolis was designed as a microcosm of the emperor's imperial palace, featuring palaces, towers, and simulated rivers of mercury.
The Terracotta Army was discovered in 1974 by farmers digging a well near the tomb mound at Mount Li.
Historical texts by Sima Qian and later geographers describe the mausoleum and its auspicious location.
Although looting may have occurred after the emperor's death, the tomb itself appears largely intact.
Subsequent archaeological work has revealed the scale and complexity of this funerary site, making it one of the most significant archaeological discoveries of the 20th century.
Guide du lieu
Pit 1210–209 BCE
The largest and most famous pit containing thousands of infantry soldiers arranged in battle formation, showcasing detailed armor and weaponry.
Pit 2210–209 BCE
Contains cavalry, chariots, and infantry arranged in a strategic battle formation, demonstrating the complexity of ancient military tactics.
Pit 3210–209 BCE
The smallest pit, believed to be the command post of the army, containing high-ranking officers and generals.
Imperial Park (Lishan Garden)
A landscaped park surrounding the mausoleum complex, featuring reconstructed gardens and exhibition areas related to the Qin dynasty.
Emperor Qin Shi Huang's Tomb Mound246 BCE
The large pyramidal earthen mound at the center of the necropolis, believed to house the emperor's tomb chamber beneath.
Contact
Téléphone: 029 8139 9127