Altun Ha
Belize
Altun Ha is a significant ancient Maya city located in the Belize District, about 50 kilometers north of Belize City. Occupied from approximately 900 B.C. to A.D. 1000, it reached its peak during the Classic Period between A.D. 400 and 900, hosting an estimated population of 8,000 to 10,000 inhabitants. The site covers roughly 8 square kilometers and features thirteen plazas, two main temples, and numerous residential structures. Its most iconic structure, the Temple of the Masonry Altars, stands 16 meters high and is famously depicted on Belize's Belikin beer logo. Unique among Maya sites, Altun Ha lacks carved stelae but contains a Maya-made reservoir system, including Gordon Pond and Camp Aguada, which served as vital water sources in the swampy landscape. The site gained archaeological attention in 1963 following the discovery of a large carved jade pendant known as the "Jade Head," a representation of the Maya Sun God Kinich Ahau and the largest carved jade artifact found in Mesoamerica. Excavations led by Dr. David Pendergast of the Royal Ontario Museum from 1964 to 1971 revealed extensive ceremonial and residential areas, highlighting Altun Ha's role as a central trading hub linking the Caribbean coast with inland Maya centers. Today, Altun Ha remains a prominent cultural and historical attraction in Belize, offering visitors a glimpse into the ancient Maya civilization's architectural ingenuity and spiritual life.
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Astuce: The best time to visit Altun Ha is during the dry season to avoid muddy conditions caused by the site's swampy terrain. Visitors are encouraged to purchase tickets in advance, especially during peak tourist seasons and cruise ship stopovers, to ensure entry. Guided tours provide valuable historical context and enhance the experience. Discounts may be available for students, seniors, and groups. Wear comfortable footwear suitable for uneven terrain and bring water and sun protection as facilities are limited onsite.
Faits intéressants
- •The Temple of the Masonry Altars is depicted on the logo of Belize's leading beer brand, Belikin.
- •Altun Ha's Jade Head is the largest carved jade artifact ever found in Mesoamerica, weighing 10 pounds and standing 6 inches tall.
- •The jade used for the Jade Head originated from ancient mines in the Motagua River Valley in Eastern Guatemala.
- •Altun Ha lacks carved stelae, which are common in many other Maya sites, indicating unique ceremonial practices.
- •The site includes a Maya-made reservoir system that was essential for water supply in the swampy area during occupation.
Histoire
Altun Ha's earliest structures date back to around 900-800 B.C.
during the Preclassic period, with early religious buildings such as Structure C13 indicating high-status inhabitants.
The site saw significant population growth and construction of large public buildings by the Late Preclassic around 200 B.C.
Occupation continued through the Early Classic period, with the city reaching its zenith from A.D.
400 to 900.
Archaeological excavations began in 1963 following the discovery of a carved jade pendant, with extensive work by the Royal Ontario Museum from 1964 to 1971 uncovering much of the site's layout and artifacts.
Over centuries, the site evolved from a swampy settlement to a major ceremonial and trading center, but it was eventually abandoned by A.D.
1000.
Guide du lieu
Temple of the Masonry AltarsClassic Period (circa A.D. 400-900)
The largest temple-pyramid at Altun Ha, standing approximately 16 meters (53 feet) tall. It is a central ceremonial structure and the site where the Jade Head was discovered in a tomb. This temple is an iconic symbol of Belize's Maya heritage.
Jade Head ArtifactDiscovered 1968, artifact dates to Classic Period
A massive carved jade representation of Kinich Ahau, the Maya Sun God. It is the largest carved jade object found in Mesoamerica, notable for its perfect symmetry and craftsmanship. It was discovered in 1968 during excavations at the Temple of the Masonry Altars.
Central Plazas and Residential StructuresVarious periods from Preclassic to Classic
Altun Ha contains thirteen plazas surrounded by residential buildings, reflecting the city's social and ceremonial organization. These areas provide insight into the daily life and community structure of the ancient Maya inhabitants.
Contact
Téléphone: 625-6976