The Big Hole
Northern Cape
The Big Hole, also known locally as Groot Gat, is an iconic open-pit and underground diamond mine located in Kimberley, Northern Cape, South Africa. Excavated by hand from 1871 to 1914 by up to 50,000 miners using picks and shovels, it is considered one of the deepest hand-dug holes globally. The mine covers a surface area of approximately 17 hectares and measures 463 meters wide. Originally dug to a depth of 240 meters, debris partially filled it, reducing the visible depth to about 175 meters, with water filling the bottom. The site played a pivotal role in the diamond rush era, drawing a massive influx of miners and shaping the socio-economic and urban development of Kimberley, including the origins of apartheid-era housing structures. The mine's operations transitioned underground under De Beers Consolidated Mines, reaching depths over 1,000 meters. Today, The Big Hole stands as a remarkable historical and geological landmark, attracting visitors intrigued by its scale, mining heritage, and the human stories intertwined with its creation.
Tip: The best time to visit The Big Hole is during the cooler months to avoid intense summer heat. It is advisable to purchase tickets in advance due to the site's popularity. Visitors should prepare for outdoor walking and consider guided tours to gain deeper historical insights. Discounts may be available for students, seniors, and groups. The on-site museum offers additional context and artifacts related to Kimberley's diamond mining history.
Interesting facts
- •The Big Hole is often cited as the largest hand-dug excavation on Earth, although some research suggests other South African mines may be deeper or larger in volume.
- •Over 22 million tons of rock were removed during the mine's operation, yielding around 3,000 kilograms of diamonds.
- •The mine's excavation dramatically influenced the urban development and social segregation patterns in Kimberley, laying foundations for apartheid-era structures.
- •The mine accumulated about 40 meters of water after excavation ceased, leaving a visible depth of approximately 175 meters today.
History
The Big Hole's excavation began in 1871 following the discovery of diamonds on Colesberg Kopje by members of the 'Red Cap Party.' Over four decades, miners manually excavated the site, producing millions of carats of diamonds.
In 1888, mining operations consolidated under De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited, led by figures like Cecil Rhodes.
Mining ceased in 1914 after extensive extraction.
The site later saw underground mining to greater depths.
Efforts to recognize The Big Hole as a World Heritage Site have been ongoing since the early 2000s, emphasizing its historical and cultural significance.
Place Guide
The Open-Pit Excavation1871-1914
The vast open pit of The Big Hole is a striking feature showcasing the scale of manual labor involved. Visitors can view the sheer size and depth of the excavation, reflecting the intense diamond rush era.
Kimberley Mine MuseumEstablished in the 20th century
Located adjacent to The Big Hole, the museum offers exhibits on diamond mining history, tools, and artifacts, providing context to the mining operations and local culture.
Contact
Phone: 053 839 4600
