Basilica of Saint Nicholas
Puglia
The Basilica of Saint Nicholas in Bari, Italy, is a significant religious site renowned for housing the relics of Saint Nicholas, the patron saint of sailors and children. Constructed between 1087 and 1197 during the Italo-Norman period, the basilica exemplifies Romanesque architecture with a fortress-like appearance, featuring two massive towers and a square layout. Its interior includes a nave and two aisles separated by granite columns, a Byzantine-influenced presbytery, and a unique matronaeum gallery for women. The crypt, decorated with mosaics and Byzantine-Romanesque capitals, safeguards the saint's relics and is a focal point for pilgrimages. The basilica also contains remarkable artworks such as the 11th-century episcopal throne, Renaissance tomb of Bona Sforza, and valuable medieval candelabras. Over centuries, the basilica has undergone restorations that removed Baroque additions, preserving its Romanesque character. It remains an important ecumenical site, attracting both Catholic and Orthodox faithful, especially during feast days like December 6th and May 9th, when relics and myrrh are venerated. Its location near Bari's old port and historical ties to Byzantine governance enrich its cultural significance.
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Tip: Visit the Basilica outside major feast days to avoid crowds, especially on December 6th and May 9th when pilgrimages peak. Book guided tours in advance via the official website to explore the crypt and art treasures. The basilica offers religious services and live broadcasts on Saint Nicholas Day. Visitors should allow time to appreciate the crypt and museum exhibits. Modest dress is advised due to the basilica's sacred status. Access is convenient from Bari's port and train station.
Interesting facts
- •The basilica houses the relics of Saint Nicholas, moved from Myra in 1087 by 62 Bari sailors.
- •It was the site of the 1098 Council of Bari, an important medieval ecclesiastical assembly.
- •The crypt contains a rare 11th-century Romanesque cathedra (bishop's throne) made for Abbot Elias.
- •The myrrh believed to exude from Saint Nicholas's relics is collected annually and distributed worldwide, credited with miracles.
- •The basilica was used as a fortress several times due to its castle-like architecture.
History
The basilica was built from 1087 to 1197 following the transfer of Saint Nicholas's relics from Myra to Bari by local sailors in 1087.
Pope Urban II consecrated the crypt in 1089, and the entire church was consecrated in 1197 in the presence of imperial and ecclesiastical dignitaries.
It was originally constructed on the site of the Byzantine catapan's palace, incorporating reused materials.
Over the centuries, it hosted important events such as the 1098 Council of Bari and the funeral of Queen Bona Sforza in 1557.
Baroque modifications in the 17th and 18th centuries were mostly removed in 20th-century restorations, restoring its Romanesque style.
In 1929, the basilica's status shifted to pontifical basilica under the Holy See, emphasizing its ecumenical role.
Place Guide
Crypt of Saint Nicholas11th century
The subterranean crypt houses the saint's relics, featuring 26 columns with Byzantine and Romanesque capitals and intricate mosaic pavements. It is the spiritual heart of the basilica and the focal point of pilgrimages.
Cathedra of Abbot EliasLate 11th century
A finely sculpted Romanesque bishop's throne dating from the late 11th century, commissioned for Elias, the first archbishop and abbot of the nearby monastery of Saint Benedict.
Renaissance Tomb of Bona Sforza16th century
A marble tomb from the 16th century dedicated to Bona Sforza, Queen of Poland and Duchess of Bari, located inside the basilica near the apse.
Basilica Museum
Houses valuable artworks including a collection of 12th-century candelabras donated by King Charles I of Anjou and other religious artifacts related to the basilica's history.
Facade and Towers11th-12th century
The basilica's exterior is characterized by a fortress-like square shape with two massive low towers framing the facade, reflecting its Norman architectural style and historical defensive role.
Contact
Phone: 080 573 7111
