Kõpu Lighthouse
Hiiumaa
Located on the highest hill of Hiiumaa island, Kõpu Lighthouse is one of the oldest continuously operating lighthouses globally, completed in 1531. Its unique square prism design with massive buttresses and stone construction distinguishes it architecturally. The lighthouse stands 37.7 meters tall, with its light positioned 103.6 meters above sea level, making it the highest coastal light on the Baltic Sea. Originally a solid stone tower without light, it was later adapted with internal staircases and rooms. The lighthouse has evolved from a medieval landmark to a modern electrified beacon visible up to 26 nautical miles. It historically marked the crucial east-west Baltic shipping lane and warned ships from the dangerous Hiiu Shoal. The lighthouse's fire was initially wood-based, consuming large amounts of fuel and requiring constant maintenance. Over centuries, technological advancements brought improvements, including a rotating optical system installed in the early 1900s. Today, Kõpu Lighthouse remains a symbol of Hiiumaa and a significant tourist attraction, complemented by a nearby café and cultural events.
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Tip: The best time to visit Kõpu Lighthouse is during the summer months when it is open daily from 10:00 to 20:00. Outside the main season, visits require prior arrangement by phone or email. Tickets can be purchased on-site, with discounts available for certain groups and families. Booking in advance is recommended during peak tourist season to ensure entry. Visitors should prepare for a climb up the lighthouse's internal staircases and may enjoy refreshments at the adjacent café offering local specialties. Summer also features cultural events and performances near the lighthouse.
Interesting facts
- •Kõpu Lighthouse is one of the oldest lighthouses in continuous use worldwide, dating back to 1531.
- •It is the highest coastal light on the Baltic Sea, with the light positioned 103.6 meters above sea level.
- •The lighthouse's light is visible up to 26 nautical miles (48 km) away, aiding maritime navigation.
- •Originally, the lighthouse consumed about 1000 cords of firewood annually, leading to significant deforestation of the Kõpu peninsula.
- •In 1901, a rotating optical system installed was supported by a mercury bath to minimize friction, a pioneering technology at the time.
- •The lighthouse was bombed during World War II but survived with minor damage to its optics.
History
The construction of Kõpu Lighthouse began in the early 1500s after permission was granted by the Bishop of Ösel-Wiek in 1500.
Although interrupted by war and plague, the majority of construction occurred between 1514 and 1519, with completion around 1531.
Initially built as a solid stone pillar without light, it served as a navigational landmark visible up to 20 kilometers.
In 1649, it was converted into a functioning lighthouse with an open fire grate burning wood, requiring extensive fuel and maintenance.
The lighthouse underwent significant modifications in the 19th century, including internal staircases and rooms.
Technological upgrades in the early 20th century introduced a rotating optical system.
The lighthouse survived damage during World War II and was reinforced with a concrete shell in the late 20th century to preserve its structure.
Place Guide
The Tower Structure1531
The lighthouse features a unique square prism shape with massive stone buttresses on all four cardinal points. The tower is built of local limestone and glacial erratic stones, weighing approximately 12,000 tonnes. Visitors can climb the internal iron staircases added during the 19th-century renovation.
The Lantern Room1901
Located at the top of the tower, the lantern room houses the rotating optical system installed in 1901, which uses a mercury bath to reduce friction. This system significantly improved the lighthouse's light efficiency and reliability.
Surrounding Grounds and Café
At the base of the lighthouse, visitors can find a café offering local smoked fish, ice cream, and refreshments. The adjacent craft house sells souvenirs from Hiiumaa. During summer, cultural events and concerts are held near the lighthouse, enhancing the visitor experience.
