Bazaruto Archipelago National Park
Inhambane
Bazaruto Archipelago National Park is a protected natural area located off the coast of Mozambique in Inhambane Province. Established in 1971, the park encompasses five islands-Bazaruto, Benguerra, Margaruque, Santa Carolina (Paradise Island), and Banque-along with extensive marine habitats. It was created to safeguard endangered species such as dugongs and marine turtles, as well as the islands' diverse flora and fauna. The archipelago features lush tropical landscapes, including large dunes, forests, savannahs, inland lakes, and wetlands. It supports over 240 bird species, including rare migrants like coucals and crab-plovers. The surrounding waters are rich in marine life, with over 2,000 fish species, 500 mollusc species, and sightings of dolphins, humpback whales, whale sharks, and critically endangered guitarfish and wedgefish. The park protects the only viable population of dugongs in the Western Indian Ocean. The coral reefs here are among the least disturbed in the region, attracting divers and snorkelers with their clarity and biodiversity. The archipelago is inhabited by about 6,500 people living in seven communities across three islands, many relying on small-scale fishing and natural resource harvesting. Conservation efforts led by African Parks since 2017 have helped reduce illegal fishing and promote sustainable tourism, benefiting both biodiversity and local livelihoods. The park's soft white sandy beaches and vibrant marine ecosystems make it a premier destination for eco-tourism and wildlife observation.
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Tip: The best time to visit Bazaruto Archipelago National Park is between October and April to see whale sharks and enjoy clear water for diving and snorkeling. Booking accommodations in advance is recommended due to limited hotels focused on sustainable tourism. Visitors should respect conservation guidelines to protect endangered species and coral reefs. Engaging local guides can enrich the experience and support community livelihoods. Avoid peak rainy seasons for optimal weather and marine visibility.
Interesting facts
- •Bazaruto Archipelago hosts the only known nesting site in the western Indian Ocean for all five regional species of marine turtles.
- •It is home to the largest and only viable population of dugongs in the Western Indian Ocean, a species listed as critically endangered in East Africa.
- •The coral reefs around the archipelago are among the least disturbed in the Indian Ocean, supporting over 2,000 fish species and 500 mollusc species.
- •Superpods of dolphins and humpback whales are regularly sighted in the park's waters during winter months.
- •The archipelago's inland lakes are habitats for crocodiles, adding to its diverse wildlife.
History
Bazaruto Archipelago National Park was proclaimed in 1971 to protect its unique marine and island ecosystems, particularly dugongs and marine turtles.
Over the decades, the park faced challenges such as illegal fishing, poaching, and unregulated tourism, threatening its biodiversity.
In 2017, management was transferred to African Parks in partnership with Mozambique's National Administration of Conservation Areas to strengthen conservation and community development.
Since then, sustainable tourism and conservation-led economic initiatives have improved local livelihoods and helped preserve the archipelago's natural heritage.
Place Guide
Bazaruto Island
The largest island in the archipelago, featuring vast dunes, forests, and savannah landscapes. It offers pristine beaches and is a key habitat for dugongs and marine turtles.
Coral Reefs
Extensive and diverse coral reef systems surrounding the islands, noted for their clarity and minimal disturbance. These reefs support a rich variety of marine life including fish, molluscs, and threatened species like guitarfish and wedgefish.
Dolphin and Whale Watching Spots
Areas around the archipelago where visitors can observe superpods of dolphins and migrating humpback whales, especially during the winter months.
Local Communities
Seven communities inhabit three of the islands, relying mostly on small-scale fishing, oyster harvesting, and agriculture. Conservation-led tourism has improved economic opportunities and sustainability.
