Castle of San Giorgio
Liguria
The Castle of San Giorgio is a prominent medieval fortress located on the Poggio hill in La Spezia, Liguria, Italy. Originating from a fortified structure dating back to the early Middle Ages, it was significantly expanded in 1262 by Nicolò Fieschi to establish his rule over the city. The castle features two contiguous quadrangular layouts, including medieval masonry and later additions designed to withstand artillery advancements, such as thick walls with gun ports. It played a crucial role in the defense of La Spezia and witnessed numerous sieges and reconstructions, notably after its destruction by Genoese forces in 1273 and damage during the 1365 siege by Ambrogio Visconti's mercenary troops. The castle's fortifications include remnants of 14th-century walls with characteristic Ghibelline battlements and a defensive gate with a bas-relief depicting Saint George and the dragon. Internally, vaulted rooms were added in the early 17th century under Genoese governance. The castle not only served military functions but also symbolized Genoese authority in the region. Today, it stands as a testament to the layered history of the area and offers visitors insight into medieval and Renaissance military architecture.
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Tip: Visitors should explore the castle during spring and autumn for pleasant weather and fewer crowds. Booking guided tours in advance is recommended to fully appreciate the historical context. Discounts may be available for students, seniors, and groups. The castle is accessible via Via XXVII Marzo and is near the remnants of the 14th-century city walls.
Interesting facts
- •The castle's oldest tower, possibly the original keep, measures approximately 5.5 meters square and dates back to the early medieval period.
- •The castle walls feature both Ghibelline and Guelf battlements, indicative of the political factions in medieval Italy.
- •The bas-relief over the western gate depicts the legendary fight between Saint George and the dragon, symbolizing protection and valor.
- •In the early 17th century, the castle's walls were reinforced by filling them with wet earth to absorb cannonball impacts, an innovative defensive technique at the time.
History
The original core of the Castle of San Giorgio was established in 1262 by Nicolò Fieschi, who expanded a pre-existing early medieval fortification on Poggio hill to consolidate his Guelf lordship over La Spezia.
In 1273, Genoese forces led by Oberto Doria besieged and destroyed the castle, marking a significant shift in regional power.
The castle was restored in 1343 when La Spezia became a Podesteria under the Genoese Doge Simone Boccanegra.
Further damage occurred during the 1365 siege by mercenary troops under Ambrogio Visconti.
Reconstruction and reinforcement efforts in 1371 included building new defensive walls around the town.
The castle underwent major modifications in the 15th century to accommodate artillery, including the addition of a bastion in 1554.
These changes reflect the evolution of military technology and the castle's enduring strategic importance through the Renaissance.
Place Guide
Medieval Keep TowerEarly medieval period
A square tower measuring 5.5 meters per side, believed to be the original medieval keep, forming the oldest part of the castle's defensive system.
14th-Century City Walls14th century
Remnants of the 14th-century defensive walls surrounding La Spezia, featuring characteristic Ghibelline merlons and a patrol walkway for guards.
Castle Gate with Saint George Bas-ReliefLate medieval period
The western entrance gate adorned with the coat of arms of Genoa and a bas-relief depicting Saint George battling the dragon, symbolizing the castle's protective role.
Bastia Bastion1554
A defensive bastion constructed in 1554 to strengthen the castle's fortifications against artillery fire, located on the north-east side.
Contact
Phone: 0187 751142
