Tower of London
England
The Tower of London, officially known as His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in London, England. Founded near the end of 1066 by William the Conqueror, its central structure-the White Tower-was completed in 1078 and originally symbolized Norman authority and oppression. Over the centuries, the Tower expanded through several phases, notably under kings Richard I, Henry III, and Edward I, evolving into a complex of defensive walls and moats enclosing multiple wards. It has fulfilled numerous roles including royal residence, armory, treasury, menagerie, Royal Mint, public record office, and most famously, the home of the Crown Jewels of England. The Tower was also a notorious prison, especially during the 16th and 17th centuries, holding prominent figures such as Elizabeth I before her reign and Sir Walter Raleigh. Despite its grim reputation, only a few executions took place inside the Tower itself, with many occurring on nearby Tower Hill. The site endured damage during World War II but was restored and reopened to the public, now attracting millions annually. Today, it is managed by Historic Royal Palaces and protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, guarded ceremonially by the Yeomen Warders. The Tower's imposing medieval architecture and rich history make it one of England's most significant cultural landmarks.
Plan your trip to United Kingdom with AI
Create a detailed itinerary in minutes. AI suggests the best places, restaurants, and an optimized route.
Tip: For the best experience, visit early in the morning or late afternoon to avoid crowds. Booking tickets online in advance is recommended to skip queues. Audio guides and guided tours enhance understanding of the site's complex history. Discounts are often available for students, seniors, and families. Wear comfortable shoes as the site is extensive and involves walking on uneven surfaces.
Interesting facts
- •The White Tower was built by William the Conqueror in 1078 and is the oldest part of the complex.
- •The Tower was never equipped with a permanent torture chamber, despite popular myths.
- •Only seven executions took place within the Tower itself before the 20th century; most executions happened on Tower Hill.
- •The Tower housed a menagerie with exotic animals for centuries, including lions and polar bears.
- •It served as the home of the Royal Mint until the 19th century.
- •The Princes in the Tower mysteriously disappeared from the castle in the late 15th century, a famous historical mystery.
History
The Tower of London was founded in 1066 by William the Conqueror as a symbol of Norman dominance.
The White Tower, its central keep, was completed in 1078.
Subsequent expansions occurred mainly during the 12th and 13th centuries under kings Richard I, Henry III, and Edward I, who added defensive walls and additional wards.
The Tower served various functions including royal residence, treasury, and prison.
Its role as a prison peaked in the 16th and 17th centuries.
In the 19th century, restoration efforts aimed to return the Tower to its medieval appearance.
During both World Wars, it was again used as a prison.
Post-war restoration repaired Blitz damage and the Tower was opened fully to the public.
Place Guide
White Tower1078
The central keep and oldest part of the Tower complex, built by William the Conqueror in 1078. It served as a royal residence and military stronghold. Inside, visitors can see the historic armory and displays of medieval weaponry.
Inner Ward1189-1199
Built during the reign of Richard I, the inner ward surrounds the White Tower on three sides and contains several important buildings including the Chapel of St John.
Outer WardLate 13th century
The largest enclosure built under Edward I, completed by 1285. It includes defensive walls, towers, and the moat, forming the outermost defense perimeter of the Tower.
Crown Jewels Exhibition
The Tower houses the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom, a collection of royal regalia and symbols of monarchy, including crowns, scepters, and orbs used in coronations.
Yeomen Warders (Beefeaters)
Ceremonial guardians of the Tower, responsible for its security and guiding visitors. Their distinctive Tudor-style uniforms are iconic symbols of the Tower's history.
Contact
Phone: 0333 320 6000