Robben Island
Western Cape
Robben Island is a flat, roughly oval island located in Table Bay, off the coast of Cape Town, South Africa. Measuring approximately 3.3 kilometers long and 1.9 kilometers wide, it has a rich history dating back to its usage by Portuguese, Dutch, and British navigators. The island gained international significance as a prison site from the late 17th century until 1996, primarily for political prisoners opposing apartheid. Most famously, Nelson Mandela was imprisoned here for 18 years before becoming South Africa's first black president. The island also served as a leper colony, animal quarantine station, and a military fortification during World War II. Today, Robben Island is a South African National Heritage Site and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, symbolizing the struggle for freedom and democracy in South Africa. It attracts visitors interested in its political history, cultural heritage, and natural environment.
ヒント: Visitors should plan their visit during daylight hours for the best experience, as tours typically include ferry transport from Cape Town and guided visits to the prison and museum. Booking tickets in advance is recommended due to high demand. Discounts may be available for students, seniors, and groups. Wear comfortable shoes and be prepared for outdoor walking and changing weather conditions.
興味深い事実
- •Robben Island's name derives from the Dutch word for seals, reflecting the island's seal population.
- •Nelson Mandela was imprisoned here for 18 years during apartheid.
- •The island was used as a leper colony starting in the mid-19th century, with forced isolation after 1892.
- •During World War II, Robben Island was fortified with heavy guns to protect Cape Town.
- •Two other former Robben Island prisoners, Kgalema Motlanthe and Jacob Zuma, later became presidents of South Africa.
歴史
Robben Island was first noted by European explorers in 1488 and was used as a refueling station by Portuguese, Dutch, and English sailors.
From the late 17th century, it became a prison, initially under Dutch settlers, incarcerating political prisoners and others.
Over centuries, it also served as a leper colony and military fortification during World War II.
The island's prison function ended in 1996, following the fall of apartheid and South Africa's transition to democracy.
場所ガイド
Maximum Security PrisonLate 17th century to 1996
The prison complex where political prisoners, including Nelson Mandela, were held under harsh conditions. Visitors can see the cells, including Mandela's cell, and learn about the struggle against apartheid.
Murray's Bay Harbour1939–1940
Constructed in 1939–40, this harbour area was originally adjacent to a whaling station established in 1806 by John Murray. It served as the main point of arrival and departure for the island.
Leper Colony Buildings1891–1892
Structures built in the late 19th century to house people with leprosy who were forcibly isolated on the island following the Leprosy Repression Act of 1892.
World War II FortificationsWorld War II period
Defensive installations including BL 9.2-inch and 6-inch guns installed to protect Cape Town during the Second World War.