Toulouse Capitole
Occitanie
The Capitole de Toulouse serves as the city hall and the administrative center of Toulouse, France, and stands as a symbol of the city's governance for over eight centuries. Originating in 1190 when the Capitouls commissioned the original structures, it evolved into a monumental complex that combines medieval remnants with an 18th-century neoclassical palace. The current building, completed in 1760, features a distinctive pink brick facade with eight Corinthian columns symbolizing the original governing magistrates. Notable historical elements include the Henri IV courtyard and the donjon tower, which witnessed significant events such as the 1632 execution of the Duke of Montmorency and the 1762 trial of Jean Calas. The Capitole also houses important municipal rooms like Le Grand Consistoire and Le Petit Consistoire, once adorned with notable artworks. Beyond its administrative function, it is home to the Théâtre du Capitole opera company and the Orchestre national du Capitole de Toulouse, linking governance with cultural life. The site has been recognized as a monument historique since 1840, reflecting its architectural and historical significance in French heritage.
ヒント: Visit the Capitole during weekdays to experience its administrative vibrancy and explore the courtyard. The best time is spring or early autumn for pleasant weather on the Place du Capitole. Booking guided tours in advance is recommended to access certain interiors and learn detailed history. Discounts may be available for students and seniors. Evening visits offer beautiful views of the illuminated facade and surrounding square.
興味深い事実
- •The eight Corinthian columns on the facade symbolize the original eight Capitouls who governed Toulouse.
- •The donjon tower was a contested site during the 1562 Riots of Toulouse, held by Huguenot forces with captured cannons.
- •Henri de Montmorency was executed in the Henri IV courtyard in 1632 after rebelling against Cardinal Richelieu.
- •Jean Calas, a Protestant, was tried and executed by breaking on the wheel in the donjon in 1762, a case later highlighted for religious injustice.
- •The Capitole was stormed briefly during the 1871 Toulouse Commune inspired by the Paris Commune but was peacefully relinquished after a few days.
- •French President Charles de Gaulle delivered a speech from the Capitole's balcony in 1967 following WWII liberation celebrations.
歴史
The Capitole's origins trace back to 1190 when Toulouse's Capitouls sought a dedicated seat for municipal governance.
Named 'Capitole' in 1522 to evoke the Roman Capitol, it initially comprised fortified medieval buildings including the donjon tower completed in 1530.
In the 17th century, the Capitouls aimed to construct a unique municipal palace, culminating in the neoclassical structure designed by Guillaume Cammas and finished in 1760.
The donjon was rebuilt in 1873 by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc after damage during the 1871 revolutionary insurrection.
Over centuries, the Capitole witnessed pivotal events such as the 1632 execution of Henri de Montmorency and served as a cultural venue with the establishment of the Théâtre du Capitole in 1737.
It remains a central landmark of Toulouse's political and cultural history.
場所ガイド
Henri IV Courtyard16th century
This historic courtyard is the only surviving part of the original medieval buildings and was the site of significant events such as the execution of Henri de Montmorency in 1632. It features Renaissance architectural elements including the gateway designed by Nicolas Bachelier.
Neoclassical Facade1760
Designed by Guillaume Cammas and completed in 1760, the pink brick facade features eight Corinthian columns representing the original Capitouls. It was intended to unify the disparate municipal buildings behind it and faces the Place du Capitole, Toulouse's central square.
Le Grand Consistoire1552
Once a grand ceremonial hall built in 1552, it housed large paintings and frescoes including works by Jean Chalette and François Cammas. The hall was destroyed in 1808 during Napoleon I's visit, but its legacy remains important in Toulouse's artistic history.
Le Donjon (Tower)1530 (rebuilt 1873)
A medieval tower completed in 1530, it served as a prison and was rebuilt in 1873 by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc after damage during the 1871 insurrection. It played a significant role in religious and political conflicts in Toulouse's history.
