Veliki Preslav Archaeological Reserve
Shumen
Veliki Preslav Archaeological Reserve encompasses the extensive remains of the medieval city of Veliki Preslav, which served as the capital of the First Bulgarian Empire from 893 to 972. Situated near the modern town of Veliki Preslav in northeastern Bulgaria, the reserve covers approximately 500 hectares of the ancient city. Veliki Preslav was a major political, cultural, and religious center, rivaling the Byzantine capital Constantinople in its urban planning and architectural grandeur. The city was renowned for its impressive structures such as the Royal Palace and the Round Church, and it was the cradle of the Preslav Literary School, which played a crucial role in the development of Old Bulgarian literature and the Cyrillic script. Archaeological excavations have uncovered numerous artifacts including ceramics, glazed tiles, icons, and a significant collection of medieval seals. The on-site museum houses over 35,000 items, with about 1,700 displayed, including masterpieces like the ceramic icon of St. Theodore Stratelates and the Preslav gold treasure. Despite devastation from invasions and wars, the site remains a symbol of Bulgaria's medieval heritage and offers visitors a unique glimpse into the cultural and historical richness of the First Bulgarian Empire.
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Tip: The best time to visit Veliki Preslav Archaeological Reserve is during spring and early autumn when the weather is mild and comfortable for exploring the open-air ruins. Purchasing tickets in advance is recommended, especially during peak tourist seasons. Visitors can benefit from discounts available for students, seniors, and groups. The museum operates with summer hours from April to October, so plan your visit accordingly. Guided tours are available and highly recommended to fully appreciate the historical context and significance of the site. The ethnographic "Kartalova" house requires prior booking if you wish to visit.
Interesting facts
- •Veliki Preslav was a rival to Constantinople in urban planning and architectural grandeur during its peak.
- •The Preslav Literary School, centered in Veliki Preslav, was instrumental in the development of the Cyrillic script in the 10th century.
- •Archaeologists have uncovered a large collection of medieval Byzantine seals at the site, one of the largest in the world.
- •The ceramic icon of St. Theodore Stratelates and the Preslav gold treasure are among the museum's most famous exhibits.
- •The city was renamed Ioannoupolis by Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimisces, but this name did not endure.
- •Preslav Crag in Antarctica is named after Veliki Preslav.
History
Veliki Preslav was founded as a Slavic settlement and fortified in the early ninth century.
It became the capital of the First Bulgarian Empire in 893 after the Council of Preslav, when Boris I appointed Simeon the Great as ruler and moved the capital from Pliska.
The city flourished as a political and cultural hub, reaching its zenith under Emperor Peter I in the mid-10th century.
It suffered destruction during the late 960s due to invasions by Kievan Prince Sviatoslav and Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimisces.
Although it retained some importance in the following centuries, its significance declined after Tatar raids in the 1270s, leading to its abandonment.
The modern Veliki Preslav town was established nearby in the late 19th century, reviving the historical name.
Place Guide
Royal Palace9th-10th century
The Royal Palace was the political and administrative heart of Veliki Preslav, showcasing grand architecture and serving as the residence of Bulgarian rulers during the First Empire.
Round Church (Golden Basilica)10th century
A monumental church known for its circular design and rich decoration, the Round Church was a significant religious site reflecting the city's Christian heritage.
Southern Gate and Square9th-10th century
The Southern Gate was the main entrance to the city, leading to a large square surrounded by important civic and religious buildings.
Archaeological MuseumFounded 1906
The museum houses over 35,000 artifacts excavated from the reserve, including ceramics, icons, seals, and the famous Preslav gold treasure.
Contact
Phone: 053 843 243
