Mar Chiquita Lagoon
Córdoba
Mar Chiquita Lagoon, also known as Mar de Ansenuza, is an endorheic salt lake located in northeastern Córdoba province, Argentina, extending slightly into Santiago del Estero. It is the largest naturally occurring saline lake in Argentina and one of the largest in South America and the world. The lake covers a shallow depression approximately 80 km north-south and 45 km east-west, with a variable surface area ranging from 2,000 to 6,000 square kilometers depending on water levels. Fed mainly by the saline Dulce River and supplemented by other rivers and streams, its salinity fluctuates widely from 40 to 250 g/L. The surrounding wetlands are a biodiversity hotspot, especially for aquatic birds including three species of flamingos and Wilson's Phalaropes. In 2022, the lake and its wetlands were designated as Ansenuza National Park, protecting over 19,000 km² of diverse ecosystems. Historically, the lake supported a tourism industry centered around the now-defunct Gran Hotel Viena. The lake's shallow depth and ongoing evaporation indicate it may eventually become a salt flat. Médano Island is the lake's largest island. Mar Chiquita's unique ecological and geological features make it an essential natural area in Argentina and a key site for birdwatching and conservation.
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Consejo: The best time to visit Mar Chiquita Lagoon is during the wetter seasons when water levels are higher and bird populations, including flamingos, are most abundant. Visitors should consider planning ahead due to the area's remote nature and limited infrastructure. Purchasing tickets or arranging guided tours through official park channels can enhance the experience. The designation as Ansenuza National Park since 2022 has improved conservation and visitor facilities. Discounts or concessions may be available for certain groups; checking with park authorities is recommended.
Datos interesantes
- •Mar Chiquita is the largest naturally occurring saline lake in Argentina and the fifth largest in South America.
- •It is the fourth largest salt lake on plains globally and the fifth largest endorheic salt lake worldwide.
- •The lake's salinity can vary dramatically, from 40 g/L in wet years to 250 g/L in dry periods.
- •Médano Island is the largest island within the lake.
- •The lake and its wetlands are a critical breeding ground for three species of South American flamingos and a key stopover for migratory birds along the Atlantic Flyway.
- •The lake was once home to the luxurious Gran Hotel Viena, operational from 1945 to 1980, now closed and surrounded by mysteries.
Historia
Mar Chiquita Lagoon formed in the late Pleistocene as part of a tectonic depression.
Historically known as Laguna de los Porongos until the mid-19th century, it has experienced significant fluctuations in size, with documented surface areas ranging from 110,000 hectares in 1891 to a maximum of 600,000 hectares in 2003.
Its saline character results from geological faults and the inflow of saline waters, primarily from the Dulce River.
The lake supported a thriving tourism industry in the mid-20th century, notably the Gran Hotel Viena from 1945 to 1980.
In June 2022, the surrounding wetlands and lake were officially designated as Ansenuza National Park, marking a significant milestone in its conservation history.
Guía del lugar
Médano Island
The largest island in Mar Chiquita Lagoon, Médano Island is a notable natural feature within the lake, offering unique habitats for bird species and a point of interest for ecological studies.
Wetlands and Bird Habitats
The extensive wetlands surrounding Mar Chiquita Lagoon provide critical habitats for a wide range of aquatic birds, including flamingos and Wilson's Phalaropes, making it a premier birdwatching destination.
