Po-i-Kalyan Complex
Buxoro
The Po-i-Kalyan Complex, located in Bukhara, Uzbekistan, is a significant Islamic religious site consisting of three main structures: the Kalan Mosque, the Kalan Minaret, and the Mir-i-Arab Madrasah. These buildings form a square courtyard, with the mosque and madrasah positioned opposite each other, enclosed by a historic bazaar and traditional baths. The Kalan Mosque is one of Central Asia's largest congregational mosques, reflecting the architectural grandeur of the 16th century. The complex's unique "kosh" layout, combining mosque and madrasah, was designed to evoke a sense of majesty and power, symbolizing the authority of Ubaydullah Khan who commissioned the mosque and madrasah. The Kalan Minaret, completed in 1127, survived the destruction wrought by Genghis Khan and remains a remarkable example of medieval Islamic architecture. The complex stands on a site with deep historical roots, including pre-Islamic Zoroastrian structures and early Islamic buildings, highlighting its long-standing religious and cultural importance in the region.
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Tipp: For visitors, the best time to explore the Po-i-Kalyan Complex is during the cooler months of spring and autumn to avoid the intense summer heat. It is advisable to purchase tickets in advance during peak tourist seasons to ensure smooth entry. Modest dress is recommended when visiting the mosque and madrasah to respect local customs. Guided tours can enrich the experience by providing historical context and architectural insights. Discounts may be available for students and groups, so inquire at the ticket office. Early morning visits offer a quieter atmosphere and excellent lighting for photography.
Interessante Fakten
- •The Kalan Minaret, completed in 1127, is one of the few structures in the complex to survive Genghis Khan's destructive invasion in 1220.
- •The complex's layout creates a unique "kosh" square, a distinctive architectural feature combining a mosque and madrasah, symbolizing power and majesty.
- •The Kalan Mosque is one of the largest congregational mosques in Central Asia, second only to the Bibi Khanum Mosque in Samarkand and the Great Mosque of Herat.
- •Before the Islamic complex, the site housed a central Zoroastrian cathedral during the pre-Islamic era.
- •Ubaydullah Khan made Bukhara the capital of the Shaibanid state, reflected in the grandeur of the Po-i-Kalyan Complex.
Geschichte
The Po-i-Kalyan Complex's origins trace back to the early 12th century when the Karakhanid ruler Arslan Khan commissioned the Kalan Mosque and Minaret, completed in 1127.
The original mosque was destroyed by Genghis Khan's forces in 1220, though the minaret survived.
In the early 16th century, Ubaydullah Khan, nephew of Shibani Khan, rebuilt the mosque in 1515 and added the Mir-i-Arab Madrasah in 1535, marking Bukhara's rise as the capital of the Shaibanid state.
This reconstruction reflected a shift in political power from Samarkand to Bukhara and symbolized the city's growing importance as a religious and cultural center in Central Asia.
OrtsfĂĽhrer
Kalan Minaret1127
The towering minaret, completed in 1127, is an architectural marvel of medieval Central Asia. It stands 45.6 meters tall and served historically as a watchtower and a call-to-prayer tower. Its intricate brickwork and geometric patterns exemplify Karakhanid craftsmanship and have inspired many subsequent minarets in the region.
Kalan Mosque1515
Built in 1515 under Ubaydullah Khan, the mosque is one of Central Asia's largest congregational mosques. It features an ornate façade and a vast prayer hall that reflects the architectural style of the period, bearing similarities to the Bibi Khanum Mosque in Samarkand. The mosque's design emphasizes the spiritual and political power of Bukhara's rulers.
Mir-i-Arab Madrasah1535
Constructed in 1535, the madrasah stands opposite the Kalan Mosque, completing the square courtyard. It served as a center for Islamic education and theological study, maintaining its religious significance to this day. The madrasah's architecture complements the mosque, enhancing the complex's majestic atmosphere.