Alqueva Dam
Beja
The Alqueva Dam is an impressive arch dam located on the Guadiana River, straddling the border between Beja and Évora districts in southern Portugal. Completed in 2002, it created the largest artificial lake in Western Europe, covering approximately 250 square kilometers. This reservoir, also known as Grande Lago, provides vital water storage and regulation for the region, supporting agricultural development and regional growth. The dam's hydroelectric power station, commissioned in two phases (2004 and 2013), has a total capacity of 518.4 megawatts, utilizing reversible Francis turbines that enable pumped-storage operations for efficient energy management. The dam complex includes the downstream Pedrógão Dam, which serves as a lower reservoir and supports water supply subsystems. The creation of the reservoir necessitated relocating the village of Aldeia da Luz to avoid flooding. In recent years, the site has embraced renewable energy innovation with a floating solar facility inaugurated in 2023, poised to supply a significant portion of southern Portugal's electricity demand. Beyond its engineering significance, Alqueva Dam has become a regional catalyst for sustainable tourism, agroindustry, and economic development, with a well-developed marina near Amieira enhancing recreational boating opportunities.
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Tipp: Visitors should consider exploring the Alqueva reservoir area during spring and early autumn for pleasant weather and optimal water levels. Booking guided tours or boat trips in advance is recommended to fully experience the lake and marina facilities. While there is no entrance fee for the dam itself, some water activities may require prior reservation. Discounts may be available for groups or educational visits. The official website offers updated information on events and visitor services.
Interessante Fakten
- •Alqueva Dam is the largest dam and artificial lake in Western Europe by surface area, covering 250 square kilometers.
- •The dam features a pumped-storage hydroelectric power station with reversible Francis turbines, allowing water to be pumped back into the reservoir during low demand periods.
- •The reservoir's shoreline extends nearly 1200 kilometers when full, making it a significant water body for the region.
- •Aldeia da Luz, a village in the dam's flood zone, was entirely relocated to avoid submersion.
- •In 2023, a floating solar facility with nearly 12,000 photovoltaic panels was installed on the reservoir, potentially supplying over 30% of southern Portugal's electricity needs.
Geschichte
The idea for the Alqueva Dam originated in the 1950s under Portugal's Estado Novo regime to address water scarcity in the Alentejo region.
Initial construction efforts began after the 1974 Carnation Revolution but were halted in 1978 due to economic concerns.
Renewed commitment in the 1990s led to the dam's completion in 2002.
The reservoir reached full capacity in 2010, marking a milestone for the project.
The hydroelectric power station was commissioned in two stages, first in 2004 and then in 2013, doubling its energy output.
The village of Aldeia da Luz was relocated to higher ground to accommodate the flooding caused by the reservoir.
Recent developments include the addition of a floating solar power plant in 2023, reflecting ongoing investment in renewable energy.
OrtsfĂĽhrer
Alqueva Dam Structure2002
An arch dam standing 96 meters high and 458 meters long, designed to impound the Guadiana River and create the largest artificial lake in Western Europe. It includes floodgates, ecological flow systems, and fish passage facilities to preserve river habitats.
Hydroelectric Power Station2004 (stage I), 2013 (stage II)
The power station consists of four reversible Francis turbines, each with a capacity of approximately 129.6 MW, enabling both electricity generation during peak demand and pumped-storage by returning water to the reservoir during low demand.
Grande Lago Reservoir2010 (full capacity reached)
The reservoir created by the dam covers 250 square kilometers and has a maximum depth of about 100 meters. It supports regional water supply, irrigation, and recreational activities, including a marina near Amieira offering boating services.
Aldeia da Luz Relocation1990s-2000s
The original village of Aldeia da Luz was relocated to a new site to avoid flooding by the reservoir. The relocation was controversial due to aesthetic and size concerns but was essential for the dam's construction.
Floating Solar Facility2023
A 5 MW floating solar power plant installed on the reservoir's surface, covering approximately 4 hectares with nearly 12,000 photovoltaic panels. It is one of Europe's largest floating solar parks, contributing significantly to renewable energy production.
