Toompea Castle
Harjumaa
Toompea Castle, situated atop Toompea hill in central Tallinn, is a historic medieval fortress that has evolved into the seat of Estonia's Parliament (Riigikogu). Its origins trace back to an ancient Estonian stronghold from at least the 9th century AD. The castle was first overtaken by Danish crusaders in 1219, marking the beginning of its transformation into a significant political and military stronghold. Over the centuries, it was controlled by the Order of the Brethren of the Sword and later the Teutonic Order, who contributed to much of the castle's distinctive medieval architecture, including its iconic towers such as "Tall Hermann". The castle's design reflects its dual role as a fortress and a monastery with features like a chapel and knights' dormitory. After the Reformation and shifting powers, Sweden turned the castle into an administrative center, and later Russian rule introduced Baroque and Neoclassical elements, transforming it into a palace complex. The current parliament building, completed in 1922, uniquely combines a traditional exterior with an Expressionist interior, making it one of the world's only Expressionist parliament buildings. The castle remains a symbol of Estonia's political history and national identity, with the Estonian flag raised daily atop Tall Hermann tower to the sound of the national anthem.
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Tip: Visitors should consider visiting Toompea Castle in the spring or summer months when the weather is pleasant and the castle grounds are fully accessible. Booking guided tours or tickets in advance is recommended due to the castle's political function and limited public access areas. Visitors can enjoy the ceremonial flag raising atop Tall Hermann tower at sunrise. Discounts may be available for students and seniors. Check the official Riigikogu website for up-to-date visitor information and event schedules.
Interesting facts
- •The Estonian flag is hoisted daily atop the Tall Hermann tower to the sound of the national anthem.
- •Tall Hermann tower stands 48 meters tall and dominates the castle skyline.
- •The castle's name 'Tallinn' is possibly derived from the Danish name 'castrum danorum' meaning 'Castle of the Danes'.
- •The current parliament building is the world's only Expressionist-style parliament building.
- •According to legend, the entire Toompea hill was built boulder-by-boulder by a mythological heroine named Linda.
History
The site of Toompea Castle has been fortified since at least the 9th century.
In 1219, Danish crusaders led by King Valdemar II captured the fortress, initiating its first major stone construction phase.
The castle changed hands multiple times, including control by the Order of the Brethren of the Sword and later the Teutonic Order, who expanded and fortified it during the Middle Ages.
Swedish rule from 1561 transformed the castle into an administrative center, and Russian governance from 1710 introduced Baroque and Neoclassical architectural styles.
After Estonia's independence in 1918, the castle became the home of the Estonian Parliament, with the current parliament building completed in 1922.
Place Guide
Tall Hermann Tower14th century
A 48-meter tall medieval tower that dominates Toompea Castle's skyline. It is famous for the daily raising of the Estonian flag at sunrise, accompanied by the national anthem.
Parliament Building (Riigikogu)1922
Constructed between 1920 and 1922, this building houses Estonia's parliament. Its exterior is traditionalist, while the interior uniquely showcases Expressionist architecture, making it the only parliament building of this style in the world.
Medieval Castle Walls and Towers13th-14th centuries
The castle complex features several well-preserved towers built by the Teutonic Order, including Pilsticker, Stür den Kerl, and Landskrone, each with defensive and symbolic significance.
Baroque and Neoclassical Wing18th century
Added during the 18th century under Russian rule, this wing transformed the castle into a palace complex, housing the provincial administration and the governor's residence.
Contact
Phone: 631 6331
