Trapezitsa Fortress
Veliko Tarnovo
Trapezitsa Fortress is a medieval fortified settlement located on a hill overlooking the Yantra River in Veliko Tarnovo, northern Bulgaria. The hill rises about 81 meters above the river and is naturally defended by steep cliffs and the river's meanders, making it a strategically important and difficult-to-access stronghold. The site covers approximately 66.2 decares and was a significant citadel during the Second Bulgarian Empire, serving as the second most important fortress after Tsarevets. The fortress was surrounded by thick stone walls up to six meters high, with four entrances, the main one connecting to Tsarevets via a bridge. Trapezitsa was home to numerous noble residences, churches, and monasteries, richly decorated with mosaics, murals, and colorful architectural details. Archaeological excavations have uncovered the foundations of at least 17 churches, some with royal frescoes and tombs. The fortress also housed relics of saints such as St. Ivan Rilski and St. Gabriel of Lesnovo, underscoring its religious significance. Restoration efforts have been ongoing since the early 21st century, including reconstruction of the south tower and several churches, allowing visitors to explore this evocative site that reflects Bulgaria's medieval heritage and architectural artistry.
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Tipp: Visitors should wear sturdy footwear and exercise caution, as some areas lack railings and have uneven surfaces. The best time to visit is from April to September when opening hours are extended and the funicular operates from May to October. It is advisable to purchase tickets in advance during peak tourist season. Children under seven should be accompanied by an adult, and groups require a guide for safe exploration. Bring water and be prepared for outdoor conditions, including potential encounters with insects and reptiles. Follow marked paths and staff instructions, especially when using the funicular. Note that the fortress is closed to visitors from December to March for preservation work.
Interessante Fakten
- •Trapezitsa was the second most important citadel in medieval Veliko Tarnovo, after Tsarevets.
- •The fortress contains the remains of at least 17 churches, some known as 'royal churches' due to frescoes depicting nobility.
- •Relics of St. Ivan Rilski and St. Gabriel of Lesnovo were housed here during the medieval period.
- •The name 'Trapezitsa' likely derives from 'trapezits'-soldiers guarding mountain passes who first settled the hill.
- •The fortress walls reached up to 6 meters high and included four entrances, with the main gate connected to Tsarevets by a bridge over the Yantra River.
- •Extensive archaeological excavations began shortly after Bulgaria's liberation in the late 19th century and continue today, revealing rich medieval heritage.
Geschichte
The earliest fortified settlement on Trapezitsa Hill dates back to the late Chalcolithic period (4200-4000 BC), with Thracian habitation during the Bronze and Early Iron Ages.
The medieval fortress was developed primarily in the 12th to 14th centuries during the Second Bulgarian Empire, when Veliko Tarnovo served as the Bulgarian capital.
In 1195, Tsar Ivan Asen I transferred the relics of St.
Ivan Rilski to a church on Trapezitsa, establishing its religious importance.
The fortress was a noble quarter housing boyars and clergy, featuring numerous churches richly decorated with murals and mosaics.
Archaeological excavations began in the late 19th century, with significant work continuing into the 21st century, including restoration projects that have revived parts of the fortress and its churches.
OrtsfĂĽhrer
South Tower13th-14th century
A restored defensive tower at the southern entrance of the fortress, providing insight into medieval military architecture and offering panoramic views of the Yantra River and Veliko Tarnovo.
Church â„–8 (Ivan Rilski Church)12th century
The largest church on Trapezitsa Hill, believed to have housed the relics of St. Ivan Rilski. It features remnants of frescoes and adjacent monastery buildings.
Fortress Walls and Entrances12th-14th centuries
The thick stone walls, reaching up to 6 meters in height, encircle the hill and include four gates. The main gate connected Trapezitsa to Tsarevets by a bridge over the Yantra River.
Churches with Royal Frescoes13th-14th centuries
Several churches (Nos. 6, 11, 13, 14) contain frescoes depicting royal figures, indicating the presence of nobility and high clergy on the hill.
Kontakt
Telefon: 088 843 0180